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• Europäisches Verbrauchervertragsrecht: gemeinsame Fundamente

  Zsolt Hajnal

  Views:

  345

  Der Verbraucherschutz korrigiert durch die rechtliche Regelung, durch Ausbau eines interdisziplinieren Rechtsinstrumentsystems versichert es Rechtsschutz für die Verbraucher in schwächerer Position. Durch rechtlichen Instrumenten wird die optimale Gleichgewichtslage wiederherstellt, demnoch werden die optimalen Verhältnisse geschafft, unter denen die Verbraucher freie Kaufsentscheidungen treffen können und nach eigenen Bedürfnissen „konsumieren” können. Die modernen Rechtsysteme haben als eigenes das ideale Leitbild des Schutzes der schwächeren Partei, diesbezüglich der Schutz vom hohen Niveau der Verbraucherinteressen kann als dritte Generation der Menschenrechte begriffen werden. Also der Verbraucherschutz wurde inzwischen die Sicherung für Lebensniveau der Europabürger und dient neulich auch als Mittel erneuerter Impulze für europäische Wirtschaft zu geben.

  Ziel dieses Artikels ist zu untersuchen, ob irgendwelche Harmonisierung in Rahmen einer Rahmenrichtlinie oder Vereinheitlichung der Verbraucherrechte in Europa eigentlich verwirklich werden könnte. Vor den Feststellungen der endgültigen Konklusionen müssen wir genau anschauen ob die europäischen Verbraucherregelungen gemeinsame Wurzeln oder gemensame Instrumente verfügen. Diesmal dient es als Kerngebiet meiner Forschung.

• The impact of inflation on private law relationships

  45-72

  Tibor Kiss

  Views:

  484

  Not for decades have we seen price rises in Hungary, or in Europe and the world in general, such as those faced by the developed world in 2022. Inflation in Hungary was 24.5% in December 2022 and in January 2023, the indicator stood at 25.7%. This article provides a summary of the key concepts related to inflation, going beyond a definitional approach to inflation to cover its types and the most important principles and methods of measuring it. Economic foundations fundamentally determine private legal relations and legal institutions. In such a situation, crisis legislation is triggered, primarily in areas that have the greatest impact on the functioning of the economy and on consumers' daily lives. The present article reviews those important civil law structures and the rules governing them in the Civil Code and other statutory and governmental regulations, the content of which is justified to be amended in a persistent inflationary environment, but which have not been the focus of the legislator so far, emphasizing the need to adapt private law norms to the changed economic environment. The article examines those legal acts in which the legislator has set out in the text of the act data referring to value or price, nominally defining and quantifying in concrete terms the price or value that plays a significant role in a given private legal relationship. This type of legislation, however, does not take into account the changes in value relations at all, so that in an inflationary environment, the price and value figures nominally fixed in the private law norm are not adapted to economic processes, i.e. they are not in line with the current price level determined by economic fundamentals. The author outlines proposals and regulatory techniques for amending the law to adapt these legal provisions to the changed price and value conditions.

• The Aftermath of the C-149/15 ECJ Judgment on the Liability of Online Marketplaces Misleading Consumers

  47-63

  Ágoston Győri

  Views:

  99

  The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), in its judgment in case C-149/15, Sabrina Wathelet v. Garage Bietheres & Fils SPRL, introduced a significant shift in the approach to the civil liability of intermediaries who facilitate the conclusion of contracts between consumers and businesses. The CJEU ruled that, under certain circumstances, a third party facilitating the transaction may be considered the seller in a sales contract between a consumer-seller and a consumer-buyer. Recent consumer protection legislation in the European Union suggests that the principles established in the judgment have laid the groundwork for holding online marketplaces, which have previously operated unchecked and engaged in fraudulent practices against consumers, civilly liable.

  This paper first briefly outlines the key elements of the judgment and then examines how the European Union's Digital Services Act (hereinafter: DSA) and the new Product Liability Directive regulate the liability of service providers operating online marketplaces.