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• The Images of the Slavic Peoples in Albert Škarvan´s Diaries from 1896 to 1926

  Natalya Korina

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  131

  The paper discusses the images of the Slavic peoples in Albert Škarvan’s diaries from 1896 to 1926, first published in 2019. Albert Škarvan was a Slovak intellectual of the Austro-Hungarian Empire of the late 19^th and early 20^th centuries, the follower of L. Tolstoy’s ideas and Christian religious philosophy. He produced philosophical reflections about the Slavic peoples of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (Slovaks, Czechs, and Serbs) in comparison with Russians and made an attempt to determine their historical mission and spiritual potential. His diaries contain many critical mentions as well as suggestions as to how to improve the situation of Slavic peoples, primarily of Slovaks, in the European dimension. This article is one of a series of papers on Albert Škarvan manuscripts.

• An insight into Russian history from the Middle Ages to the present: Tamás Krausz,Klára Radnóti and Endre Sashalmi (eds.): Apologia Historiographiae: Az orosz történelem évszázadai[Apologia Historiographiae: Centuries of Russian history]. Budapest, Martin Opitz Kiadó, 2023. Pp. 557. ISBN: 978-615-6388-37-7

  Anna Katalin Kádár

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  244

  The collection of studies presented in the volume is a scholarly and informative compilation celebrating the birthday of Professor Gyula Szvák. It publishes new research results by Hungarian scholars into the historical past of the Central and Eastern European Slavic peoples and Russians. The volume is thematically rich, with short studies on the medieval Mongol rule, the political ambitions of the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, and many other topics. The value of the book lies in the fact that the editors have made it possible – with a view to completeness – to present analyses by outstanding Hungarian representatives of the discipline of Russian Studies.

• Litvins as a Medieval Baltic-Slavic Ethnic Group in Kastuś Tarasaŭ's Novel “The Pursuit of Grunwald”

  Victor Khalipov

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  40

  Ethnically colored characters based on stereotypical representations of different peoples occupy an important place in the fiction of any nation. At the same time, works of art may depict not only representatives of modern nations, but also those of ethnic groups that have now disappeared, and sometimes even those that never existed at all. A special literary discipline, imagology, is concerned with the study of this issue. In contemporary Belarusian literature, the Litvin ethnotype occupies an important place, as it is a relevant component of certain types of modern Belarusian identity. Its presence is particularly noticeable in works on historical themes. One such text, significant for the national literary tradition, is Kastuś Tarasaŭ's novel The Pursuit of Grunwald (1986), thematically devoted to the Battle of Grunwald in 1410 between the combined forces of Poland and Lithuania and the knights of the Teutonic Order. In this work, the imago of the Litvin occupies a fairly clearly defined position as the self-image, serving to describe his own people and his homeland in the past, in relation to which characters of all other nationalities are positioned as hetero-images. In Kastuś Tarasaŭ's work,  Lithuanians are a Slavic-speaking ethnic group of mixed Baltic-Krivich origin, diversified in terms of religion (Catholics, Orthodox Christians, and pagans), whose representatives make up the military and political elite of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The author attributes the following characteristics to them: brave, harsh, cruel, stubborn, persistent, fierce, reckless, short-sighted, and unreasonable. These traits do not fully correlate with the current stereotypical perceptions of modern Belarusians about themselves, which had developed by the end of the 20th century.

• The Image of Europe in Nikolay Karamzin’s “Letters of a Russian Traveller”

  Ferenc Váradi

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  28

  “Russia or Europe?” Nikolay Mikhailovich Karamzin undertook a journey to Western Europe and, whilst travelling, wrote travel letters describing his impressions. In Russian literature, even before Karamzin, there were works of travel literature written for the purposes of pilgrimage or trade, but in the 18th century the emphasis shifted to enlightenment and to the description of the national characters of the peoples of Western Europe. How does the Russian traveller perceive Western Europeans, how does he describe representatives of Western nations, and what does he pay attention to upon arriving in a foreign city? This article seeks to answer these questions.