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The lessons learned from private document donations in JNSZ County
18-29Views:23Our historical knowledge is based on historians’ research of written documents. These written historical documents are preserved by archives. The biggest of our country’s public collections is the National Archives of Hungary which was established in 2012 by merging the national and county acrhives. For many decades the Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County Archives have collected the administrative documents of the county’s settlements. Various offices, courts, schools and state-owned companies are required by law to submit their records of historical value to the archives after fifteen years. However individuals, associations and parties are not required by law to pass on their private records or photographs to any of the archives. In addition to the official sources the private documents can also provide a number of valuable insights for a more detailed presentation and understanding of history. This bried study shows the changes of private records gifting in JNSZ County, the reasons behind the change, what documents were offered to them and are they important for archival research.
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The Beginnings of the Hungarian Disciplinary Liability of Public Service in the Dualism
59-66Views:27The subject of this paper focuses on the hungarian regulation of the disciplinary law of the civil service in Dualism, in particular how the dogmatic elements of this legal institution evolved, developed and expanded in the 19th century. It is also important to know that this process because the disciplinary procedure we know today - and especially its many aspects of warranty - came into being at this time, but not without any professional debate. The research focuses on the administrative area of Debrecen and the enforcement and application of disciplinary law describing the disciplinary procedure of 23rd Act of 1886 through a case. (This act regulated the disiplinary procedure between 1886 and 1929). In addition to what has already been described, the ’rudimentary’ definitions of the public service relationship is also presented as a mentioned placement of the liability system of the civil service, and containing public service disciplinary liability. Moreover this paper present the disiplinary system’ s essence based on the 42nd Act of 1870 and 7th Act of 1876.
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Legal practice of the Imperial Royal County Court of Debrecen (1853-1861)
60-69Views:17In this study, I would like to present the criminal law practice in the period of neoabsolutism of the Imperial Royal County Court of Debrecen. In this period, the Austrian Penal Code was in force in Hungary, so the primary aspect of my research is how the provisions of the Code were enforced in practice. On the other hand, I try to answer questions about which crimes have occurred most often, what were the most common types of offenses, what characterized the perpetrators' image, and finally what the penalties were imposed in the specified period.
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Architect-Master Ferenc Orbán’s Court Buildings in Debrecen and its vicinity
30-39Views:23The modern Hungarian judicial system was based on Act IV of 1869 – which regulated the judicial power – and the acts of 1871, which stipulated the formation of courts of first instance. Operating of courts needed suitable and modern court buildings besides personal conditions. The creation of this court buildings took decades. Following the construction period of the country courts (around 1880–1910), the state concentrated on the decent placement of district courts. From the 1910s, it was seen that new district court buildings were built in the country. This process continued in the period between the two World Wars. We can also meet with expert architects in this field. One of them – perhaps less known by the general public – was Ferenc Orbán, an architect-master, who noted the design of a number of district courts in the 1920s. His buildings can be found in our narrower region: in Debrecen, Berettyóújfalu, Hajdúböszörmény and Hajdúszoboszló. This short interdisciplinary study focuses on these and the work of the architect.
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Corruption as a concomitant phenomenon of the lack of democratic traditions or thoughts on the margin of failure of the democratic experiment in 1945
15-26Views:35For decades, there has been an open debate among historians about whether there was democracy in our country in 1945, and if so, what those few transition years were like, and what caused the failure of democracy. The study, – instead of the democratic state of the electoral system, the rule of law, respect for freedoms, self-government and civil society organization, – attempts to highlight the presence or absence of democratic traditions, which is generally less attended to, but undoubtedly was also part of the failure of the democratic experiment in 1945. Perhaps surprising, but the political and moral traditions of a society determine the chances for the development and survival of a democracy. In a corrupt, morally inferior society, it is more difficult to establish and operate democracy. Thus, democracy is guaranteed not only by the appearance of institutions and elections, but also by the thinking of the people living in it and by the norms that determine their behavior. The study illustrates the peculiarity of Hungary with examples mostly from Szolnok that in the 20th century the interchanging systems were struggling with a serious deficit of democracy, and therefore no democratic traditions could be formed in the society, and in 1945 they could not go back to such antecedents. Therefore, after 1945, Hungarian society appears as corrupt as it did before 1945. Corruption has affected not only politicians but also those at lower levels of society and has engulfed society as a whole. Thus, in order to consolidate democracy, it will not be enough in the future to replace politicians and reform institutions, but the society as a whole must change too, especially in its way of thinking and behavior.
