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The sharing economy in EU-28 and its popularity in Hungary and Romania
88-103Views:40The emergence of sharing economy into the tertiary sector has changed the balance of power and redefining the way of achieving it. The purpose of the study aims at introducing the sharing economy, one of the most popular economic mechanisms at present, with special regard to its nomenclature and definitions. The spreading of trading platforms in services sector has created a wide variety of virtual marketplaces, where consumers and suppliers contact each other directly according to their interests. It focuses on the economic markets of the Hungarian and Romanian sharing economy to obtain a clear picture of its growing range and forms. The paper includes both primary and secondary research, literary sources and the open-access database of the European Commission, which is analysed by the SPSS 24 software. Sharing economies have been studied from both consumer and service provider perspectives, surveyed the proportion of users and suppliers, the advantages and disadvantages, the reasons for not using services offered as such, and the motives behind the participation of suppliers on sharing economy platforms was carried out in Hungary and Romania and the EU-28 members. As far as we know, the analysis of this field has not been carried out.
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Sport, nonprofit and civil organisations: The investigation of employment and volunteering in Hungary and in Romania
90-101Views:88The civil organisations started to appear more often around the local regime changes in Hungary and Romania. Most of these civil organisations aimed to perform different tasks in culture, sports or other public purposes. At the same period in the two named countries, Hungary and Romania, a significant change began in employment. Before the regime changes in the two countries, the most important actor on the employer's side was the state itself. However, after 1989, private companies started to employ more employees and play a greater role in the labour market. At the same time, several civil organisations appeared on the local labour markets that could employ people. However, some of these organisations employed a few volunteer employees who covered most of the activities related to the organisational aims of these organisations. Volunteerism became more popular in Hungary and Romania as well. Volunteering is widespread in sport-focused civil organisations in connection with organising smaller or major sporting events. The study aims to explore the employment characteristics of the sectors concerned in the context of volunteering, particularly the study of non-profit and nongovernmental organisations active in the field of sport and measurable volunteering in the field of sport. Based on the hypothesis test results, it can be concluded that due to the different political past, there was indeed some delay in developing the civil sphere in Romania. In the case of both Hungary and Romania, the role of voluntary work is significant. In sports, the role of volunteers has become unavoidable in connection with the operation of various sports associations and sports clubs and the organisation of large sports events.
