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A hasznosítási gyakoriság és az időjárás hatása száraz és üde fekvésű gyepek takarmány-minőségére
43-47Views:165Irrigating pastures is a viable option only in a few selected areas in Hungary, even though pasture is a water demanding culture. Species composition will be impacted by the climate change, reduced winter and spring precipitation and the increasing number of hot days as well as the rise in temperature. Coverage by dicots and C4 grasses will increase, resulting in a change in feed quality. Yield losses and deteriorating quality should be compensated by an adaptive agricultural technology. We examined the impacts of 3 utilization technologies and seasonal weather conditions on dry and mesic pastures in the years 2006-2010. Results indicated a significant difference in feed quality and factors determining nutrient content caused by water supply. On the dry pasture, humidity had a significant and substantial negative impact (highest significance, highest r-value) whereas the mesic pasture was essentially affected by precipitation. On the mesic pasture, high temperatures, strong radiation and high amounts of precipitation all had negative impacts on the digestibility and metabolisable energy content of grass. Crude protein contents showed strong correlation only with annual precipitation.
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Néhány időjárási tényező és a hozam összefüggése száraz- és üde gyepeken
39-42Views:127The yield of pastures will be impaired by the climate change as a result of reduced amount of winter and vegetation precipitation and the increasing number of hot days as well as the increase in temperature. Species composition is also due to change, however, this change will be more difficult to be determined as the increasing concentration of glasshouse gases has different impacts on the various components. Grassland is a water demanding culture; droughts reduce yield significantly and these losses should be compensated by an adaptive agricultural technology. On protected and Nature 2000 pastures, comprising giving 50% of Hungarian pastures – strict regulations prevent the application of yield increasing techniques, such as irrigation, fertilization or oversowing. The impacts of the weather may only be compensated to a certain extent by the utilization technology. The effects of 3 utilization systems and some elements of weather conditions with special regard to water supply were investigated on dry and mesic grasslands in the years 2006-2010. On the bases of the results some suggestions are set up for modifying the specifications on pasture utilization in nature conservation areas, by having the first cutting earlier and increasing utilization frequency wherever possible. On dry grasslands, yield was affected most significantly by annual precipitation, the precipitation in the vegetative period showed the second strongest correlation with yield. On mesic pastures, temperature and radiation had the strongest influence on the yield. Here, the significance level in the case of total annual precipitation was lower, whereas the correlation was not significant for precipitation in the vegetative period.
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A gyep gyökérzónájának szellőztetése. Első eredmények
3-9.Views:98Magyarországon a gyepekkel kapcsolatos kutatások kevéssé foglalkoztak a gyepápolási technológiákkal. A Gödöllői Gyepgazdálkodási Műhely (GGYM) a 2010-es évek elején célul tűzte ki, hogy a gazdálkodóknak bemutassa és kutatási eredményekkel is igazolja a szakszerű technológiák létjogosultságát. Elsőként a gyepek gyökérzónájának levegőztetésével (gyepszellőztetés) kezdtünk foglalkozni, bevonva szakdolgozatukat készítő egyetemi hallgatókat.
Első eredményeink rávilágítottak arra, hogy finomítani szükséges a gyepszellőztetés technológiai megoldásait. Nagy hangsúlyt kell fektetni az időpont és a talajállapotnak megfelelő eszköz kiválasztására, főleg száraz ökológiai fekvésű területeken. A száraz fekvésű kísérleti gyepen a szellőztetés utáni első év terméscsökkenést mutatott. Üde gyepen ez nem volt tapasztalható.