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• Spring phonological development of grasses

  89-93

  Geza Nagy

  Views:

  92

  The paper starts with those arguments which underline the scientific importance of the research program entitled “Factors determining forage quality of grasses”. It summarizes the maint features of spring grass development based on the international scientific literature. It describes the methods and material of the research program.
  Based on the results of the 2004 research it presents data for tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), brome grass (Bromus inermis), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and thimothy (Phleum pratense) on
  - number of active leaves, at given dates,
  - the sum of the length of active leaves per shoot at given dates,
  - total number of leaves/per shoot developed until the end of the investigations,
  - crude protein and netto energy content of the grasses in the beginning in the middle and in the end of investigation period.
  Conclusions from the research results:
  - the phonological development of grasses is species-specific,
  - after the start of the generative development the active leaf area per shoot is declining,
  1 A dolgozat az MTA Gyepgazdálkodási Bizottságának 2005. július 09-én Beregszászon (Ukrajna) rendezett tudományos előadás bővített változata
  decline in crude protein content of grasses between middle April and June is continues while netto energy content declines between middle April and middle May, but it does not change after words.

• Possibilities of restoration of natural or seminatural grasslands: Papers of the „Challenges and Aspects in Grassland Management” conference held on 22-23 May 2008.

  19-27

  Andras Horvath

  Laszlo Szeman

  Sandor Bartha

  Klara Viragh

  Janos Boloni

  Gyula Fulop

  Szilvia Rev

  Views:

  82

  The number of natural grassland restoration projects increased in the last decade in Hungary, and probably the area of restored grasslands will be significantly extended in the next years due to New National Rural Development Program. To contribute to the success of this activity, in this paper we review the most important theoretical and practical aspects of natural grassland restoration methods. In the course of grassland restoration, habitats dominated by grasses and/or sedges have been restored in place of arable lands. In order to perform “natural” restoration, we should consider the ecological conditions of the landscape, and reconstruct natural or seminatural grasslands including of native plant species. Essentially, rehabilitation of natural landscape is supported also by creating new seminatural grassland patches. The basic principles of the natural grassland restoration are:

  1. When a spontaneous secondary succession starts to proceed on an abandoned field without invasion of any alien plant species, the re-ploughing of the abandoned field has to be ignored.

  2. Generally, the old fields surrounded by species-rich natural or seminatural grassland pathes can succesfully be restorated. Then, as a consequence of newly restored vegetation patches the recovery of the whole landscape can be accelerated. Furthermore, by restoring isolated grassland patches surrounded by arable lands a more diverse landscape pattern could be developed.

  3. Spontaneous secondary succession of grasslands should be assisted.

  4. The development of typical species composition of a seminatural grassland can be promoted by methods of spreaded hay. For successful process the hay has to be cut in a habitat type similar to ones that will be restored.

  5. Applying seed-mix for sowing can be useful to prevent spreading weeds drastically in the early stages of succession.

  6. Ideally, the seed-mix is originated from own harvesting or gathering from similar (or the same) habitats. If it is not possible, commercially available seed-mix can be applied, in which the dominant species is the same as in the restored habitat, with similar proportion.

  7. Seed-mix consists of alien species has to be avoided.

  8. If the composition or structure of the restored grassland is not appropriate after some years, the renewal of the grassland could be necessary. During the improvement process the reploughing of the restored grassland is avoided, but spreading seeds or hay, and direct sowing can be applied.

  9. The loading of nutrient is not necessary in any stages of grassland restoration.

  10. Applying chemicals is avoided; any herbicides can be used only when extensive invasion of alien plant species occurs.

  11. The mechanical intrusions on soil are also avoided.

  12. The restored grasslands is required regular or continuous management, which could be a preserving mowing or moderate grazing. The aspects of nature conservation should be considered.

• Szakzsargon a gyepgazdálkodásban : – Európai Uniós szakkifejezések honosítása – irodalmi áttekintés –

  3-7

  Views:

  71

  A mostani pályázati időszakban újra előtérbe kerültek a gyepek illetve legelők. Azok a szakemberek, akik a H2020 pályázatokkal foglalkoznak, illetve azok az oktatók-kutatók, akik az egységes statisztikai kimutatásokat veszik alapul, rendkívül fontos, hogy következetesen, mindig ugyanazt a szakkifejezést használják. Ehhez ad némi támpontot ez az összefoglalás. Mivel a hazai gyepgazdálkodásnak komoly múltja van, ezért elsősorban a magyar szakkifejezésekből indultunk ki. Sokszor nehéz összeegyeztetni az angol-német-spanyol kifejezéseket a magyar szakzsargonnal.