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• Ancia Zarichanska in der Volkskunde Transkarpatiens: zur Frage kultureller Parallelen

  7-28

  Vasyl Korol

  Oleksandr Kryvonos

  Views:

  21

  Die vorliegende Studie widmet sich der Analyse der historischen Figur von Ancia Zarichanska (Anna Poidyn), einer spirituellen Vermittlerin und charismatischen Heilerin aus dem transkarpatischen Dorf Zarichchia. Basierend auf umfangreichen Feldforschungen (2018–2019) und qualitativen Interviews mit den lokalen Informanten beleuchtet der Artikel die narrative Konstruktion dieser Frau im lokalen Gedächtnis, ihre magischen Fähigkeiten, rituellen Praktiken und asketische Lebensweise. Dabei wird ihr außergewöhnliches Verhalten – darunter Rückzug in selbstgewählte Isolation, Visionen, Fasten und soziale Selektivität – als Ausdruck religiöser Askese, devianter Frömmigkeit und spiritueller Autorität interpretiert.

  Zentrale Elemente wie Nahtoderfahrung, Wiedergeburtsmotiv oder heilende Hellsicht werden in einen komparativen Kontext mit europäischen Volksheilerinnen, Seherfiguren sowie schamanischen Initiationen gestellt. Der Fall Zarichanska zeigt eindrücklich, wie sich spirituelle Legitimität außerhalb institutioneller Religion entfaltet. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt auf der Analyse der kulturellen Logik hinter der Zuschreibung spiritueller Autorität, der Entstehung von Ritualen wie dem „Hercna-Mittwoch“ sowie der Pflege und kultischen Aufwertung ihres Grabes, das als Ort lokaler Verehrung gilt.

  Die Studie stellt einen Beitrag zur Ethnologie des Volksglaubens dar und zeigt, wie kollektives Gedächtnis, orale Tradition, dämonologische Erzählmuster und religiös-magische Praktiken ineinandergreifen und zur Entstehung lokaler „Volksheiligen“ beitragen. Die Figur Zarichanskas wird exemplarisch als Ausdruck transkultureller Muster nicht-institutioneller Spiritualität verstanden, die in Zeiten sozialer Umbrüche eine identitätsstiftende Funktion übernimmt.

• The Interpretation of Strangeness and its Impact on the Local Society in Beregdéda, Transcarpathia

  87-106

  Julianna Kohut-Ferki

  Views:

  208

  My work focuses on the different patterns of experiencing strangeness. Based on my ethnographic fieldwork in Beregdéda, Transcarpathia, Ukraine, I try to reflect on why the articulation of strangeness becomes necessary, and how does the appearance of the stranger modify, erode, rebuild or create symbolic boundaries between the Hungarian-Ukrainian-Gypsy ethnic groups living together. At the time of the fieldwork, in spring 2015, the Ukrainian-Russian war conflict provided a breeding ground for stereotypical perceptions of ethnicity, while the appearance of the stranger tourist also led to the strengthening of the relationship between Ukrainians, Hungarians and Gypsies in the local society, and to the formation of a united front. The understanding of the stranger is constantly changing in line with the various regional and global cultural and economic processes and is formulated with individual interests in mind.

• Ethnic Peculiarities and Inter-ethnic Parallels in the Traditional Material Culture of the Hungarians of Ugocsa

  233-252

  Barnabás Kész

  Views:

  178

  The Hungarians living in the present-day Transcarpathian region have lived peacefully for centuries together with the majority Ruthenian/Ukrainian population, as well as with the Romanian, German, Roma and other ethnic groups, who live in a similar minority to the Hungarians. Ethnographers and tourists visiting the region are convinced that these nationalities have retained the characteristics of their culture to this day. At the same time, it is worth observing how this long historical coexistence is reflected in the way of life and mentality of these people. The parallels between Ruthenian and Hungarian language and folklore, folk customs are excellent examples of interethnic relations, but I have also encountered similar examples when researching the traditional material culture of the villages in Ugocsa. In the field of folk architecture, for example, the gate called tőkés kapu, as well as the abora, aszaló [the dryer] and the barn. Interethnic phenomena between Hungarians, Ruthenians and other nationalities of the region can also be observed in folk costumes (the guba, or the shoes called bochkor). Throughout history, in Transcarpathia, which belonged to different state formations, it was noticeable that culture was not strictly tied to peoples. Thanks to the tolerance shown towards each other, the nationalities of the region have preserved their ethnic and religious characteristics and identity, but we can also find many similarities in their cultures. When studying the interactions that mutually enrich each other's culture and provide a colorful and attractive image to the region, it is often impossible to find out who borrowed from whom and when. During the ethnographic research of the local communities, the main point is to take into account the ethnic interaction of the nationalities living here, as the folk culture of the local Hungarians is determined by the aggregation of the cultures of different ethnicities.