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Middelbaar eindexamen Nederlands als vreemde taal in Hongarije
75-102Megtekintések száma:176This article considers the examination methods for L2 learners in Hungary. A short history of past and current methods of examination for Dutch learners is covered in order to attest to the evolution in complexity and effectiveness that has taken place over the course of the years. The theoretical, statutory side of L2 examination is briefly taken into account, but the focus is on the practical aspect of L2 examination. The different elements of an ideal exam (reading, listening, writing and speaking proficiency, and correctness) are discussed with attention to detail and with the use of examples.
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Die Erinnerungsgeschichte der Verfolgung ungarischer Galeerensklaven protestantischen Bekenntnisses im Deutschland des 18. Jahrhunderts
91-113Megtekintések száma:31In the long 18th century described as the period of “peaceful Re-Catholicization” or
“Catholic Restoration” in the writings about the ecclesiastical history of different
congregations, the Roman Catholic Church used every means to push Protestants into
the background and to render their lives impossible. As a result of intensified ReCatholicization, diverse means were employed to confront the communities and
individuals, from the occupation of churches or schools and collective punishments,
through the public humiliation and terrorization of individuals, to bloody torture and the
annihilation of their livelihood. The partly violent spreading of Catholicism resulted in
many controversial cases in the Carpathian Basin, which were reported on many
publications in Western Europe. The examination of the early printed books in the
Lutheran collection of books in Halle (Franckesche Stiftung) has brought numerous
relevant texts from a Hungarian perspective to the surface, which allow studying the
danger-fraught life circumstances of Protestants in the Carpathian Basin in the 18th
century through the eyes of an external observer.