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• Examining reaction of sunflower genotypes on planting time on chernozem soil

  93-99

  Adrienn Novák

  Views:

  109

  We studied the effect of planting time on plant pathological factors, leaf area index and yield production by applying various fungicid treatments on two different sunflower genotypes in 2013.

  By delaying planting time, both the extent of Diaporthe, Alternaria and Phoma infections decreased. The differences between the volume of infections were significant in the case of the early and late sowing time results. The application of fungicide treatments induced a notable decrease in the extent of infections for all three pathogens examined. The LAI-values varied between 0.3 and 5.6 m²/m² in 2013 depending on the hybrid, sowing time and treatment. Stocks planted at distinct times reached maximum leaf coverage at different times. The planting time and the fungicide treatment had a significant effect on the formation of the leaf area. In the case of average and late planting times, fungicide treatments elongated the preservation of the green leaf area.

  With respect to the yield amount, average planting time (27 April, 2013) turned out to be optimal in 2013 (control – NK Ferti: 4.621 kg ha^-1, PR64H42: 4.196 kg ha^-1; double-treated: NK Ferti: 5.282 kg ha^-1, PR64H42: 5.090 kg ha^-1). Fungicide treatments resulted in significant yield growth in all cases during our research.

  We applied Person correlation analysis to evaluate the hybrids’ sensibility to infections and our results varied in the case of Diaporthe and Phoma (r=-0.343*, -0.379**). Infections of the three pathogens were significantly reduced by delaying the planting time and applying fungicides. Late sown stocks preserved the green leaf area for a longer period. Besides, the application of the fungicide treatment and the hybrid itself also led to the preservation of the green leaf area. However, pathogens examined notably decreased the leaf area by the end of the growing year. The fungicide treatment had a remarkable effect on yield growth (r=0.603**). Furthermore, the presence of higher LAI-values in the period prior to August also induced higher yields.

• Búzaminták fungicid szermaradvány ellenőrzése és gombafertőzöttségének kimutatása

  45-51

  József Soós

  László Fehér

  Krisztina Rigó

  Lajos Tanács

  Views:

  77

  To protect crops with chemicals against different microorganisms are very important because residues of toxins could pollute infected grains. This could have the meaning of serious danger to the human and animal health. Similarly important is knowledge of details about presence or absence of any practically applied protective compounds. Experimental studies were performed on fungicide treated cereals of the Cereal Research Non-Profit Company, Szeged. Chromatographic methods were used (GC and some GC-MS) to find low level fungicide residues, microwave-assisted isolation of ergosterol was followed by HPLC to detect possible fungal infections and a more detailed microbiological analysis completed the work. Concerning the dry year 2000, no fungicides were found in the samples (by November), the ergosterol level was found to be less than 8 ppm, meaning good quality, coupled with an extremely low level of fungal infections. This was confirmed by direct microbiological testing. In comparison with the microbiological results from 1999, a negative difference can be recognized, most probably due to the rainy weather throughout the year.

• The effect of crop protection and agrotechnical factors on sunflower in the Hajdúság region

  39-46

  András Szabó

  Lajos Fülöp Dóka

  Views:

  88

  Extreme weather conditions are becoming more and more frequent in the crop years, thus increase the risk of sunflower production.
  The objective of researches into plant production is to minimize these effects as much as possible. In this sense, the optimization of
  agrotechnological factors is of high importance. Within these factors, the appropriate crop technology (sowing time, crop density)
  and optimized, rational crop protection technologies are important, especially in the highly sensitive sunflower cultures. The effect of
  sowing time, crop density, and fungicide treatments on the yield of sunflower hybrids was analysed in different crop years in 2008
  and 2009. In each case, the infection was highest with the early sowing time and at the highest crop density level (65000 ha-1). When
  one fungicide treatment was applied, the rate of infection decreased compared to the control treatment. The further decrease of the
  infection rate was less after the second fungicide treatment.
  In the humid year of 2008 the crop yield was the highest at 45000 ha-1 crop density level in the control treatment and at 55000 crop
  ha-1 crop density level when fungicides were applied. In the draughty year of 2009 the maximum yield was gained at 55000 ha-1 crop
  density level in the control treatment and at 65000 crop ha-1 when fungicides were applied. In 2008 and 2009 as regards the crop
  yield, the difference between the optimal and minimal crop density levels was higher in the fungicide treatments than in the control
  treatment (in 2008: control: 517 kg ha-1; one application of fungicides: 865 kg ha-1; two applications of fungicides: 842 kg ha-1), (in
  2009: control: 577 kg ha-1; one application of fungicides: 761 kg ha-1; two applications of fungicides: 905 kg ha-1).
  In each and every case, the first treatment with fungicides was more effective than the second. In 2008, the highest yield was
  obtained with the third, late sowing time in each fungicide treatment. The differences between the crop yields with different sowing
  times was less than in 2009, when the results of the second treatment exceeded those of the first and third treatment in each case.