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• Studies of the influences of different N fertilizers and Microbion UNC bacterial fertilizer on the nutrient content of soil

  134-140

  Andrea Balla Kovács

  Anita Szabó

  Emese Bartáné Szabó

  Views:

  107

  A field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different nitrogen fertilizers in combination with bacterial fertilizer on
  nutrient uptake of horseradish and plant available nutrients of the soil. Three different N fertilizers, ammonium-nitrate, urea and calciumnitrate
  (116 kg ha-1 N) in combination with Microbion UNC bacterial fertilizer (2 kg ha-1) were applied as treatments in a randomized
  complete block design in three replications. In this paper we presented the results of soil measurements. The soil of the experimental area
  was chernozem with medium sufficiency level of N and P and poor level of K.
  Our main results:
  The amount of 0.01M CaCl2 soluble inorganic nitrogen fractions, NO3
  --N and NH4
  +-N and also the quantity of soluble organic-N were
  almost the same in the soil. N fertilizers significantly increased all the soluble N fractions. The amount of NO3
  --N increased to the greatest
  extent and the increase of organic N was the slightest. We measured the largest CaCl2 soluble NO3
  - -N and total-N contents in the plots
  treated with ammonium-nitrate, the largest NH4
  +-N in the plots treated with calcium-nitrate and the largest organic-N fraction in plots
  treated with urea.
  Bacterial inoculation also increased both soluble inorganic nitrogen forms and also total-N content of soil compared to the control. In
  the case of combined (artificial and bacterial fertilizer) treatments we measured lower NO3
  --N, organic-N and total-N compared to the
  values of plots having only nitrogen fertilizer treatments. On the contrary in the plots with combined treatments the CaCl2 soluble NH4
  +-N
  content of soil in more cases were higher than that of values with artificial fertilizer treatment.
  As a function of calcium-nitrate application increased AL-P2O5 and AL-K2O values were measured compared to control. Microbion
  UNC supplement of calcium nitrate yielded also increase in AL-P2O5 and AL-K2O values, till then supplement of ammonium-nitrate fertilizer
  yielded a decrease in these values compared to the control.
  All nitrogen fertilizers resulted in a significant decrease in AL-Mg content of soil compared to the control. Nevertheless bacterial
  fertilizer increased AL-Mg values in any cases.

• Investigation of Salix alba and Populus tremula leaf litter decomposition in the area of Lake Balaton and Kis-Balaton Wetland

  159-162

  Brigitta Simon

  Tamás Kucserka

  Angéla Anda

  Views:

  179

  Plant litter decomposition in inland waters contributes significantly to nutrient load, particularly in still waters, such as shallow lakes and wetlands. The decomposition rates of Salix alba and Populus tremula leaf litter was examined in Lake Balaton and Kis-Balaton Wetland, using litter bag technique. Leaf litter was incubated in small (ᴓ=3 mm) and large (ᴓ=900 μm) mesh size bags for the assessment of the relative contribution of macroinvertebrates to leaf litter decomposition. Dry mass, exponential decay coefficient and chemical parameters of water (pH, conductivity, NH4 +, NO3 -, SO4 2-, PO4 3-, Cl-) were determined. Leaf mass loss showed negative exponential pattern during the 168 days of the decomposition period. Leaf litter mass loss generally did not differ between the small and large mesh sizes, suggesting that macroinvertebrates generally have a negligible role in leaf decomposition in the winter period.

• Effects of different groundcover matters on nutrient availability in an integrated apple orchard in Eastern-Hungary

  21-25

  Péter Tamás Nagy

  Views:

  115

  The aim of our study is to examine the effects of different groundcover methods on nutrient availability and uptake of apple orchard. The
  experiment was carried out at the orchard of TEDEJ Rt. at Hajdúnánás-Tedej, in Eastern Hungary. The orchard was set up on lowland chernozem soil in the Nyírség region. It was established in the autumn of 1999, using Idared cultivar grafted on MM106 rootstocks at a spacing of 3.8 x 1.1 m.
  The applied treatments were divided into two groups according to origins and effects. On the one hand, different livestock manures (cow,
  horse and pig), on the other hand different mulch-matters (straw, pine bark mulch, black foil) were used. The different manures and mulches
  were applied on the surface to test the effectiveness of these materials.
  The effectiveness of manure treatments was higher than the other treatments on AL soluble P content of soil. Mostly the manure treatments
  increased the AL soluble K of soil. Our all treatments increased 0.01 M CaCl₂ soluble NO3 ^- -N content of the examined soil layers. The effect
  of manure treatments was the highest. From the results it was evident that the amount of easily soluble organic nitrogen fraction distributed
  more homogeneously than the other mineral N fractions examined.
  Our results can be summarized as follows:
  1. Our results pointed out that the used ground covering matters divided into several categories regarding its effect.
  2. The available N, P and K contents of soil were mostly increased by applying manures.
  3. The effectiveness of straw, mulch and mostly black foil was lower.
  4. Differences were found between nutrient supplying treatments and the treatments which did not supply nutrients.