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• Harms – Gogol – Dostoevsky (“Old Women” – “Vij” – “Crime and Punishment”)

  14 p.

  Sergey Shults

  Views:

  205

  In terms of historical poetics and intertextuality, parallels are drawn between "Old Woman"
  by D. Harms, "Vij" by N. Gogol and "Crime and Punishment" by F. Dostoevsky. As far as the
  three authors are concerned, their common features are revealed, together with the transformation
  of the motives of the ugly infernal old woman, which are depicted in the context of
  mythopoetics, historiosophy and social history by the three authors. Concerning the texts produced
  by their followers the term “post-text” is introduced, which is meant to include the dialogical
  connotations of literary evolution. The role of “vertex composition” (a term coined by
  V.M. Zhirmunsky) in works of Modernism/ Avant-garde is also touched upon.

• Censor Nikolay Ratynsky’s Role in Russian Journalism of the Second Half of the 19th Century

  12 p.

  Dmitriy Mazalevskiy

  Views:

  200

  Recently, the political climate in Russia has caused the question of censorship to become
  an increasingly relevant issue, the history of which is necessary to explore and understand.
  The prevailing view regarding censorship is that it is a tool used to suppress the freedom of
  speech by stifling the writer’s thoughts. However, there were some eminent censors such as
  the poet Fyodor Tyutchev and the writer Ivan Goncharov. In this regard, it has become commont
  to consider censorship isolated from any moral categories and interpret g it only as a
  professional activity. In this context, the work of the censor Nikolai Ratynsky is of particular
  interest to us. Until now, little has been published on his influence as a censor on the writers
  of his time on the high professional level of his work in this capacity. Most of the corrections
  Ratynsky made were valid and justified by the political situation in the Russian Empire. He
  himself is further proof that, along with Tyutchev and Goncharov, there were honorable and
  qualified men among the censors of the time. All this allows us to claim that it is necessary
  to objectively consider and study the work of censors and ignor preconceptions and stereotypes
  that are usually associated with the word censor.