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• Contribution to the Cantatas on the Anniversary of the Galley Slaves’ Liberation

  199-210

  Sándor Berkesi

  Views:

  5

  New Hungarian choral works were born on another jubilee, i.e., on the 300th anniversary of
  the Protestant galley slaves’ liberation. They are the ‘little sisters’ of the oratorio Budavári
  Te Deum, these cantatas are in the order of their completion: Sándor Szokolay: Cantata to
  the Memory of the Galley Slaves, Lajos Vass: Furor Bestiae, Zoltán Gárdonyi: Memento.
  Composers use the text written by Ferenc Otrokocsi Fóris and other galley slaves who
  records the story of his deportation, sufferings and liberation. The last two pieces of music
  were composed in October 1975 and dedicated to the choir ‘Kántus’ of the Reformed
  College of Debrecen. Their world premiere took place on 11 February 1976 in the Reformed
  Great Church in Debrecen, in the framework of festivities dedicated to the anniversary of
  the liberation of the galley slaves, the conductor was the writer of this article.

• De Hongaarse galeislaaf-predikanten en Nederland

  57-90

  László Zsigmond Bujtás

  Views:

  11

  The Hungarian protestant ministers who had been baselessly charged in 1673 and 1674 by
  a special court at Pressburg with rebellion, treason and defamation of the Catholic Church
  were sentenced to death. Those who converted to Catholicism or promised to leave the
  country could escape. Those who persisted were sold at Naples to Spanish galleys as
  slaves. The ministers asked help, among others, from the Netherlands. As a result of efforts
  of many persons the States General instructed in November 1675 admiral Michiel de
  Ruyter to liberate the galley slaves. After their liberation in February 1676, they were in
  exile in Zürich. Eight of them visited the Netherlands in the autumn of that year to try to
  get diplomatic and financial support so that they could return to Hungary in order to
  continue their ministry. The Netherlands helped them a lot in both areas. Lots of books
  dealt with their story in the 17th and 18th centuries in the Netherlands. Later they became
  more and more part of the memory place ‘Michiel de Ruyter’.

• Admiral De Ruyter in Hungarian memory

  115-130

  Gábor Pusztai

  Views:

  6

  Michiel de Ruyter is a Dutch national hero. He is respected in Hungary as the liberator of
  the Protestant galley slaves. Since 1895, his name can also be read on the memorial behind
  the Great Church of Debrecen. De Ruyter has appeared in various forms in Hungarian
  memory during the centuries: either as a fearless soldier, a faithful Christian or as a symbol
  of reconciliation. His memory keeps changing but his spirit keeps living on in Hungarian
  memory.

• Short films remembering the Galley Slaves

  211-217

  Ágnes Fekete

  Views:

  5

  In the years of 2020–2021 I made a few short films with some people – one tourist
  organizer and four preachers – who have found it important to preserve the memory of
  Hungarian galley slaves. In this report, I would like to show the responsibility, respect and
  love that the commemorators had for their ancestors, which spirit of this activity was also
  radiated to me.

• Gedenktafeln für die Galeerensklaven des Reformierten Kollegiums Sárospatak

  173-197

  Edina Pálfi

  Views:

  6

  Sárospatak is a prominent academic town in eastern Hungary, where three memorial
  plaques were unveiled between 1936 and 1939 in memory of the galley slaves. The college
  itself is a place of remembrance, representing 500 years of Protestant culture. There are
  memorial plaques here to the school’s patrons, former teachers, scholars, and the many
  traumas of the 20th century (World War I and II, Trianon, the Gulag camps). It is therefore
  surprising that, among the eight other memorial plaques located at the entrance, three
  plaques commemorate the galley slaves. The study explores the context of their creation,
  the idea, the application, and the unveiling, and interprets the phenomenon. The history of
  galley slavery contains not only religious but also national elements of memory, and was
  suitable for depicting the world of great cataclysms and tragedies in every age, as well as
  for analogically showing the ways of escaping from them.

• De drie gezichten van De Ruyter*: Admiraal De Ruyter in de Hongaarse herinnering

  205-221

  Gábor Pusztai

  Views:

  612

  Michiel de Ruyter is a Dutch national hero. He is respected in Hungary as the liberator of the Protestant galley slaves. Since 1895, his name can also be read on the statue behind the Great Church of Debrecen. De Ruyter has appeared in various forms in Hungarian memory during the centuries: either as a fearless soldier, a faithful Christian or as a symbol of reconciliation. His memory keeps changing but his spirit keeps living on in Hungarian memory.