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• Growth regulators influence on stability of shoots and ascorbic acid content at cadmium and nickel joint action

  9-12

  T. A. Artiushenko

  V. M. Grishko

  Views:

  118

  It is shown that for a maize the most effective protector of cadmium and nickel influence was zeastimulin, for a pea – agrostimulin.A protective function of emistim C for both cultures was insignificant. It is set that zeastimulin is influential in the increased metals absorption of a root system, however substantially (on 15% for a nickel and twice for a cadmium) reduces their translocation to above-ground part of plants. Previous treatment of pea seed by agristimulin also intensified the accumulation of nickel roots on 60% and did not influence on cadmium absorption and toxicants translocation to tissues of assimilatory organs. The protector role of growth regulators to cadmium and nickel joint influence shows up in the increase of ascorbic acid maintenance in the roots cells of both species to 34%, where as in leaves – at a maize resulted in the lowering of vitamin С amount (on 28%), but at a pea – increase on 20%.

• The effect of nickel-contamination, nitrogen-supply and liming on the chemical composition of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

  85-92

  Marianna Sipos

  Views:

  97

  Plant-production is determined by many production-factors. Each of these factors became subject of research-works through the years, still we state, that studying their interaction is even more important. For studying these interactions we set up a potexperiment, within that the direct effect and the interactions of four factors was inspected: soil, nitrogen-supply, nickel-loading and liming. Experiments were carried out on two soil types with extremely different characters: one was a chernozem soil with good fertility and buffering capacity, the other was a shifting sand soil with low humus-content and buffering capacity. Nitrogensupply and liming was added on two levels, while nickel on three within 12 combinations on each soil types. Plant production was cut two times within the vegetation period. The amount of production and dry matter was weighted, fractured and their element-content was measured by an ICP-detector.
  Ca-content on the shifting sand soil was determined by all three factors, however the interaction between nickel-loading and liming was also significant. Nitrogen and liming increased Cauptake, that is due to appropriate nutrient-supply and improvement of a better pH-value. On the chernozem soil nitrogen and CaCO₃ also increased the Ca-content. This is caused by a better nutrient supply and a higher amount of available Ca-ions.
  On the shifting sand soil nickel content was increasing parallel to higher nitrogen-dosages. In presence of higher nickelamount the nickel-content of plants was also increasing, still according to liming, this increment was different. On the chernozem soil nitrogen a nickel increased Ni-uptake. However, liming also had a positive effect on Ni-content, that can be explained by the high amount on colloids in the soil, the adsorption of Ni-ions on them and in presence of liming material the replacement of Ca-and Ni-ions. 
  The potassium-content on the shifting sand soil was different in each liming-combination. In combinations without nickel the potassium-content of limed and not limed combinations was on the same level. In not limed combinations by adding nickel potassiumcontent was increasing, while in limed combinations no change was observed. On the chernozem soil by adding liming material the amount of uptaken potassium was decreasing, that is due to the antagonism between Ca- and K-ions. 

• Study regarding the influence of the nPK fertilizers use in long term trial on heavy metals concentration in wheat grains

  107-109

  Adrian Vuscan

  Adrian Timar

  Views:

  111

  The paper presents research results obtained in stationary experiments, carried out at Agricultural Research and Development Station Oradea, regarding the influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, on Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Ni concentration on wheat grains.

  The minimum concentration of cadmium in wheat grains was recorded in the case of the unfertilized plot N0P0K0, 0.12 mg kg^-1, and maximum value 0.22 mg kg^-1, was registered at the fertilized plot with N160P80K120, relative difference relative to control was 84.2%.

  Lead concentration had the lowest value in the unfertilized plot, the value (0.4 mg kg^-1) being under the maximum allowed (1.0 mg kg^-1). In case of the fertilized plot with N160P80K120, the lead concentration had the highest value, 0.47 mg kg^-1, but even in this case it was located beneath the maximum limit allowed.

  In all four systems of fertilization, copper has not exceeded the maximum allowed limit (5 mg kg^-1), the values have been comprised between 1.68 mg kg^-1 at the unfertilized plot and 2.81 mg kg^-1 at the fertilized plot with N160P80K120. In other plots of fertilization copper had concentrations of 1.97 mg kg^-1, at the fertilized plot with N80P40K40, and 2.78 at the fertilized plot with N80P80K80.

  The lowest concentration of zinc, 26.47 mg kg^-1, has been registered in the control N0P0K0. In the other fertilization plots studied, the zinc concentrations had the following values: 27.66 mg kg^-1 (N80P40K40), (N80P80K80) 29.87 mg kg^-1 and 33.62 mg kg^-1 (N160P80K120).

  Nickel has registered the lowest value in the unfertilized plot, 3.47 mg kg^-1. The fertilized plot with N160P80K120 had the highest value 4.94 mg kg^-1, with 42.39% higher compared to the control N0P0K0.

• Violation prooxidative-antioxidant stability at maize shoots at different level of accumulation of cadmium and nickel

  89-94

  Tatiana Artyushenko

  Vitalii Gryshko

  Views:

  68

  Joint influence of cadmium and nickel was investigated on the feature of their accumulation by the vegetative organs of 10-days' old maize shoots. It was established that most intensively noted metals are taken in by the roots of shoots in the first 7 hours stressing influencing, while in leaves they appear only after a 7-hour long exposition. It was stated that the absorption process of the noted metals by a root system is carried by two-phase character. The indexes of inner-tissue contamination are calculated. Activating by the cadmium and nickel ions of lipid peroxidation as marker of the stressing influencing, and also was shown the proper increase of intensity of functioning of ascorbate peroxidase as the antioxidant enzyme protection of cell.