Search
Search Results
-
A review of fertility challenges in wheat–perennial rye hybrids: Insights from the successful wheat–annual rye hybrid (triticale)
43-50Views:0Hybrids of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and perennial rye (Secale cereale x Secale strictum) have shown promising results in enhancing agronomic features such as stress tolerance, perennial growth habit, and yield potential. However, fertility issues persist, posing a significant obstacle to the efficient utilization and successful implementation of hybrid vigor in crop improvement efforts. Fertility challenges, such as sterility and low seed production, are mainly caused by chromosomal mismatches, irregularities during meiosis, and genetic differences between the parent species. These factors disrupt normal gamete development, lower pollen viability, and cause embryo failure, all of which hinder the reproductive potential of the hybrids. Scientists have used multiple approaches to restore fertility, such as using cytogenetic methods to study chromosome behavior, applying polyploidization to stabilize hybrid genomes, and utilizing molecular tools to identify fertility-related genes. This review covers the specific factors that influence fertility in wheat-perennial rye hybrids, covering cytological, genetic, and environmental components. Gaining a better knowledge of the mechanisms underlying hybrid sterility and investigating techniques to increase fertility will significantly progress hybrid breeding efforts and aid in developing hardy perennial cereal crops. The outcomes discussed in this review aim to contribute to future research and assist in creating successful strategies for enhancing hybrid fertility in perennial grain breeding projects.
-
Development of an InDel marker set to establish hybridization between wild boar and domestic pig (Sus scrofa) breeds
21-25Views:643Wild boar and domestic pig breeds belong to the same species (Sus scrofa), so they can easily have viable offspring. This could be a problem in preserving the genetic lines of wild boars, keeping clean the food industry from lower-grade hybrid boar meat, and „producing” ethically questionable trophies, too. The aim of our study was to develop a cost-efficient, fast, easy and accurate marker set which can separate the wild boars from hybrids and domestic pig breeds.
The InDel markers were developed using 59 full pig genomes of 17 different breeds (e.g. Duroc, Large White, Landrace, Mangalica, wild boar). Sequence differences between the genomes of wild boars and domestic breeds were identified in variant call files, and verified using the IGV software. Wild boar, mangalica and duroc specific primers to amplify the chosen InDel regions were designed using Primer3.
After preliminary tests five markers were chosen, three wild boar specific, one Mangalica specific and one Duroc specific one. Fluorescently labelled primers were used to make the valuation easier and more accurate with capillary electrophoresis instead of gel-electrophoresis. The markers were optimised individually and in multiplex conditions and tested in samples of 11 breeds.
In conclusion, a new, faster and cheaper set was developed to separate the wild boars from the hybrids and domestic breeds. Based on the preliminary testing on wild boars, duroc and mangalica breeds zero samples resulted false negative, so it is 100% accurate. In addition, it is a much more cost- and time-effective way than testing every single sample with STR sets.
-
Investigation of combining ability and superiority percentages for yield and some related traits in yellow maize using line × tester analysis
5-14Views:422Combining ability estimation is an important genetic attribute for maize breeders in anticipating improvement in productivity via hybridization and selection. This research was carried out to investigate the genetic structure of the 27 F1 maize hybrids established from nine lines derived from Maize Research Department and three testers, to determine general combining ability (GCA), determine crosses showing specific combining ability (SCA) and superiority percentages for crosses. Nine lines, three testers, 27 F1 hybrids and two check commercial hybrids (SC162 and SC168) were studied in randomized complete block Design (RCBD) with three replications during 2016. The results of mean squares showed that significant and highly significant for most studied traits (days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, plant and ear height, ear position, ear length, no. of kernels per row, 100-kernel weight and Grain yield). Estimates of variance due to GCA and SCA and their ratio revealed predominantly non-additive gene effects for all studied traits. Lines with the best GCA effects were: P2 (line 11) and P6 (line 21) for grain yield, for testers Gm174 and Gm1021 had significant GCA effects for grain yield. The hybrids P5×Gm1021, P6×Gm1021, P7×Gm1021, P8×Gm1002, P9×Gm1002 had significant and negative SCA effects for grain yield. Crosses P1×Gm174, P2×Gm1002, P5×Gm1021, P6×Gm174, P6×Gm1021, P7×Gm1021, P8×Gm1002, P9×Gm1021 were the best combinations manifested and significant superiority percentages over than check varieties (SC162 and SC168) for most studied traits. Therefore, these hybrids may be preferred for hybrid crop development.
Abbreviations: GCA general combining ability; SCA specific combining ability