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Herbicide resistance: Implications of climate change on the susceptibility of weeds to herbicides – A review
59-64Views:3Climate change is a major issue in agricultural sustainability posing severe problems that threaten global food security. Conventional farming often utilizes herbicides to control weeds in most management strategies. In recent times, transformations in weeds due to shifts in climatic conditions across the globe are making management strategies in many ecosystems more complex. Climate variables including high carbon dioxide concentrations, increased temperature levels and altered moisture conditions affect many plants physiology. In weed species, a change in climate conditions can impact growth of weeds and the effectiveness of herbicides used in controlling the weeds. Therefore, there is the need for changes to be made with production practices to reduce emissions and to adapt to a changing climate in agriculture to limit the negative impact of weeds. The aim of this perspective is to deliver insights on herbicide application, describe the effects of climate on weed biology and development, and highlight the necessity to synthesize this information for establishing a long-term framework for sustainable weed management.
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Biological potential of plant pathogenic fungi on weeds: A mini-review essay
59-66Views:745The invasion of weeds into productive areas has substantial negative effects on native ecosystems as well as agricultural production systems globally. Consequently, the task of maintaining or restoring these systems will become increasingly challenging without consistent, ongoing management efforts. The intensifying emergence of herbicide resistance in numerous weed species, coupled with the unintended pollution caused by synthetic herbicides, underscores the growing necessity for alternative, environmentally friendly, and sustainable management techniques, such as the utilisation of bioherbicides. Plant pathogenic microbes play an important role in biologically management of weeds, with the utilization of plant pathogenic fungi emerging as a promising area of study for novel research trends aimed at weed management without reliance of herbicides and to mitigate environmental pollution. A potential solution to decreasing pesticide usage involves the development of bioherbicides containing fungal active ingredients. Among the most commonly utilised fungi in bioherbicides are genera like Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Cercospora, Fusarium, Phomopsis, Phytophthora, Phoma, and Puccinia. Increased weed resistance to herbicides has influenced new strategies for weed management, with some fungi from genera such as Colletotrichum and Phoma already employed for weed control. Nonetheless, it is evident from reviews that further research is imperative in this domain, with particular emphasis on analysing the efficacy of each plant pathogenic fungi.
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Woolly cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa /Thunb./ Kunth), a recently occured invasive weed in Trans-Tisza Region and a trial for control in maize
53-57Views:712To the effective control of invasive weeds are essential to prevent establish, if has already happened obstacle to massive accumulation, and promoting the efficient and rapid eradication, if it is possible. The Woolly cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa /Thunb./ Kunth) belongs to weeds which “hard to control” especially in corn. One of the difficulties of effective control is the prolonged emergence causing avoidance of several individuals the contact with pre-emergent herbicides. Another problem arises due to the intensive use of post-emergence herbicide products with short duration of action. To optimalize of timing of treatment is essential for successful control of later emerging weeds. The recently established Woolly cupgrass in Hungary shows resistance or reduced susceptibility to substantial portion of herbicides used in corn. The data collected from small-plot trials demonstrates that application of sulfonylurea or selective monoctyledonous herbicides can be effective against the Woolly cupgrass.