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• The effect of crop year and agrotechnical factors on the yield of various maturity groups of Limagrain maize hybirds

  19-23

  Imre Bogdán

  Views:

  130

  The Limagrain maize hybrids in different maturity groups were examined at the Látókép Experimental Station of the Centre of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, University of Debrecen on a calcareous chernozem soil with loam texture, between 2001 and 2007 in a multifactorial long-term field trial. Doses of fertilizers: 1 N:0.75 P₂O₅:0.88 K₂O fixed proportion of NPK doses. The basic dose of nitrogen is 30 kg ha^-1. The application of fertilization was 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 times more than the basic dose, beside of untreated control. The long-term field trial is performed in none irrigated and in irrigated version.
  The goal of the study was to analyze the effect of precipitation (environment factor) in one hand, and to evaluate the effect of fertilization and irrigation (agrotechnical factors) on the yield of maize hybrids in different maturity groups in the other hand. At the same time I studied the effect of interaction of different factors on the yield of maize. 

  Analysis the yield of Limagrain hybrids revealed: the years considerably affected the level of the yield. In dry years the yield was 1.351 t ha^-1 less, than in rainy years. As the effect of fertilization the yield increased, the statistically proved biggest increment was at level of 90 kg N ha^-1. Evaluating the maturity groups, FAO 300 hybrids reached higher level of yield. 
  In non irrigated conditions in the average of the seven years 60 kg N ha^-1 was sufficient to reach the maximum yield. The efficiency of fertilization on yield in irrigated version increased, 120 kg N ha^-1 assured the reliable level of yield. 
  Without irrigation in comparison to the results of FAO 200 group, with the growth of FAO numbers the yield is increasing in all cases. The most significant increase was at FAO 300 (3.562 t ha^-1). With irrigation the greatest difference in yield was in FAO 400 (+2.720 t ha^-1) compared to FAO 200.

• Grain yield and quality of maize hybrids in different FAO maturity groups

  126-131

  Voichita Has

  Radu Groza

  Ioan Has

  Ana Copandean

  Elena Nagy

  Views:

  64

  An improvement in the quality of maize grain by increasing the level of components responsible for its biological value is possible
  by using genetic means. However, a change in the genotype, together with improving the nutrient properties of the grain, also has some
  adverse consequences connected with a fall in yield and in resistance to diseases.
  Field experiments were conducted during three years (2003, 2004and 2005) to evaluate environmental effects on grain yield and
  quality responses of maize hybrids. Twenty one hybrids of various maturity groups (FAO 150-400) were planted to achieve an optimum
  (60-70 000 plants per hectare) plant populations and grown under the medium-N (80 kg N ha-1) fertilization. Environmental conditions
  significantly affected maize hybrid responses for grain yield, starch, oil and protein contents, and consequently, starch, oil and protein
  yields per hectare. Hybrids of flint type, which have a short vegetation period, had high protein and oil content but the yield averages
  were low due to the slower rate of starch incorporation. Hybrids of the dent type have a longer growing season and more intense
  carbohydrate accumulation, but low protein and oil contents. In wet years there was a higher rate of starch accumulation, while dry
  years are favorable for protein and oil accumulation. Positive correlation existed between starch content and grain yield and 1000-
  weight as well as between oil content and volumetric weight among tested hybrids. Negatively correlation existed between grain oil and
  starch content as well as between oil content and grain yield and 1000-weight. Thus, end-users that require high quality maize may need
  to provide incentives to growers to off set the negative correlation of grain yield with oil and protein content.
  
  

• Grain Moisture of Maize Hybrids in Different Maturity Groups at Various Harvesting Dates

  24-25

  Lajos Csaba Marton

  Tamás Árendás

  Péter Bónis

  Views:

  82

  The experiments were designed to determine the extent to which late harvesting helped to achieve low grain moisture content. The grain moisture contents of 24 hybrids from each of four different maturity groups were recorded during the last decade of September and the first decade of November over a period of three years (1999-2001).
  The data indicated that late harvesting led to a substantially smaller difference between the hybrids. While in late September the difference between the grain moisture content of the earliest (FAO 200) and latest (FAO 500) hybrids was 8.9%, this value dropped to 1.5% over the average of three years when measurements were made in early November. With the exception of the earliest group, the grain moisture content in all the maturity groups declined during October. The later the hybrid, the greater the decline.
  This change in the grain moisture content during October exhibited a considerable year effect. When the weather in October was warm, with little rain, the decrease was greater, while in cool, wet years the grain moisture content declined to a lesser extent, or in some cases even increased.