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• Analysis of the plant physiological effects of late, artificial corn smut infestation using remote sensing methods

  31-35

  László Radócz

  Levente Sápi

  Péter Zagyi

  Éva Horváth

  András Tamás

  Views:

  469

  In Hungary, corn is also infected by several important pathogens. In this experiment, we analysed the plant physiological effects of artificial late cron smut infestation using remote sensing methods under field conditions We examined the experimental area from which the data comes from with a DJI Phantom 4 Multispectral Drone NDVI and NDRE indices were calculated and analyzed in GIS programs. Individuals treated with a higher dose remained much greener than the untreated control. They also showed significant differences within the indices used.

• Development of seed analyses by means of various matrix solutions and the MALDI-TOF MS technique

  53-57

  Csilla Bojté

  Csaba Lovász

  Eszter Tímár

  László Lajkó

  János Nagy

  Nikoletta Edit Nagy

  Karina Bodnár

  Laura Czerődiné Kempf

  Brigitta Horváth

  Adrienn Micsinai

  Szilárd Tóth

  Views:

  807

  The earth's population is growing steadily, currently accounting for about 7.3 billion people. Population growth causes food demand to rise, approximately 36 million people die each year due to starvation or related diseases. One solution to this problem is the continuous examination and development of the agricultural economy. In this study, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MALDI -TOF MS) were used to analyse of sunflower, soybean and hemp. In order to analyse the protein of maize, this method has already been applied. However, for sunflower, soy and hemp, it is necessary to develop a sample preparation method. Choosing the optimal matrix solution for ionization the traget molecule is an essential part of developing the method. Our aim is to compare two different matrix solutions (α-HCCA, SA matrix), based on the properties (intensity, noise ratio, value of spectra) of the spectra.

• Examination of the Nutrient and Water Utilization of Different Corn Genotypes in the Hajdúság

  55-59

  Lajos Karancsi

  Views:

  234

  The research was set up on chernozem soil at the Látókép MÉK research area of the University of Debrecen in Hungary. We examined the following factors of the hybrid P9494, P9578, PR37N01 and PR37M81 in 2013.Yield, yield production per 1 kg fertilizer, water utilization and nutrient reaction. We found that the best yield results were achieved at level N120+PK in case of hybrid P9494 (17 132 kg ha^-1) P9578 (16 838 kg ha^-1) and PR37N01 (17 476 kg ha^-1) and at level N150+PK for hybrid PR37M81 (16 754 kg ha^-1). Results of yield per 1 kg NPK studies indicate that the most intense yield growth occurred at level N30+PK compared to the control treatment. This means that yield production per 1 kg NPK was 39.2 kg kg^-1 in the case of hybrid P9494, 54.2 kg kg^-1 in the case of P9578, 17.6 kg kg^-1 for PR37N01 and 44.2 kg kg^-1 in the case of PR37M81. After comparing corn hybrids’ water utilization, our conclusion was that the control treatment achieved the worst results in the case of each hybrid (P9494: 20.8 kg mm^-1, P9578: 21.0 kg mm^-1, PR37N01: 26.2 kg mm^-1, PR37M81: 19.5 kg mm^-1). For hybrid P9494, P9578 and P37N01, the best water utilization results were measured at level N120+PK (31.5 kg mm^-1, 31,0 kg mm^-1 and 32.1 kg mm^-1), while PR37M81 reached the highest values at level N150+PK (30.8 kg mm^-1). We determined the hybrids’ nutrient reaction and its optimum fertilizer values. The best nutrient reaction results were achieved by hybrid PR37N01, while that of hybrid PR37M81 proved to be the weakest.

• Technological development of sustainable maize production and its effect on yield stability

  379-388

  Mihály Sárvári

  Views:

  380

  In 2015 and 2016, we examined the effect of NPK nutrients, sowing date and plant density on yield on typical meadow soil. The amount of precipitation was 282.0 mm in 2015 (January–September), 706.0 mm in 2016 and the 30-year averageis 445.8 mm.

  Agrotechnical factors:

  – Experiment a)

             5 Dow AgroSciences hybrid with three sowing dates and three plant densities

  – Experiment b)

  In 2015 eight, in 2016 ten hybrids with different genetic characteristics and growing seasons, with control (without fertilization), N80+PK and N160+PKtreatments, five plant densities (50–90 thousand) with 10 thousand plants difference between the different densities.

  In a drought year, we reached the higher yield in the earlier sowing date and with the lower lower plant density of 70 thousand plants ha-1-. The maximum yield, depending on the agrotechnical factors, was 10–12 t ha-1 in 2015, while in 2016 it was 14–16 t ha-1. Yield stability can be increased using hybrid-specific cultivation techniques.

• Impact of precision irrigation on the unit income of maize production

  157-162

  Levente Szabó

  Péter Riczu

  Emese Szabó

  Attila Bai

  András Nábrádi

  Views:

  320

  The study of the economic/economic impact of precision farming should be a priority area in digital agriculture, as the results, profitability, and efficiency indicators can have a significant decision-support effect on the development of both the agronomic and the technical regions of individual farms both in the longer and shorter term. Individual firms, companies, farmers, and family farms quantify the effectiveness of their farming processes. The modern age offers the possibility of digitally recording all the elements of farming technology, making it possible to analyse the cost-effectiveness of a farm more effectively and, in some cases, to carry out more detailed analyses. Nevertheless, the number of farms demonstrating their profitability with such precise economic calculations is still minimal.

  Our analyses were conducted on a 56,02 ha field of Balogh Farm-Tépe Ltd. The agricultural operations carried out were fully documented so that the inputs (seeds, fertilisers, pesticides, crop enhancers) were recorded in coordinates and kind, as well as the specific yields, grain moisture data, irrigation norms, and irrigation rotations. At the same time, the company's owner provided the data's monetary value. The main econometric indicators (yield, production value, cost of production, income, cost price) related to the evaluation of the enterprise management were evaluated along with the spatial data in the irrigated and non-irrigated tables. Our calculations show that a given year's climatic and market characteristics fundamentally determine the cost and income relations of a plot of land (and thus of an entire farm). In addition to additional inputs, introducing some elements of precision farming and intensification and increasing yields improves yield security and allows for excellent yield stability.

• Examination of the population density and sowing date of different maize genotypes in the Hajdúság region

  111-115

  Károly Máriás

  Péter Pepó

  Views:

  449

  The experiment was carried out 6 km from Debrecen, next to the main road 47 on a homogeneous field on brown forest soil. Five corn hybrids were tested in the trial (DKC 4795, DKC 4995, KWS Kornelius, NK Cobalt, PR37 N01) at three different sowing times (early – 5^th April, average – 21^st April, late – 10^th May). At each sowing time, three different plant densities were applied (modest – 58 500 plants ha^-1, average –70 200 plants ha^-1, high – 82 300 plants ha^-1). The agrotechnics applied
  in the experiment satisfied the requirements of modern corn cultivation.

  In the study, the best yield result was achieved with the early sowing time out of the three examined sowing times (11 315 kg ha^-1), which was significantly different (LSD_5%=495 kg) from that of the average sowing time (10 690 kg ha^-1), however, there was no statistically justifiable difference between the yield results of the early and the late sowing times. There was a significant difference also between the average and late sowing time. Our results indicate that the different sowing times resulted in a different flowering times. Consequently, the stands of early and late sowing time reached this critical stadium of growth under proper climatic circumstances (precipitation: 39 mm and 136 mm, average temperature at flowering: 18.1 ^oC and 20.3 ^oC), while flowering in the case of the average sowing time of 21^st April was in the first half of July and the average temperature at flowering was warmer (23.2 ^oC) with only 10 mm precipitation.
  In the experiment, the plant density response was also examined. According to the measured data, four of the five hybrids responded badly to the increasing plant density. We found that the plant density of 58 500 plant ha^-1 gave the largest yield results (DKC 4995 11 794 kg ha^-1 – NK Cobalt 10 998 kg ha^-1, average of five hybrids: 11 430 kg ha^-1), while the lowest yields were obtained at the plant density of 82 300 plant ha^-1 (KWS Kornelius 11 037 kg ha^-1 – NK Cobalt 10 019 kg ha^-1, average of five hybrids 10 720 kg ha^-1). The difference between the two plant densities was significant (LSD_5%=494 kg), however, the 70 200 plant ha^-1 plant density did not show any statistical difference from neither the 58 500 ha^-1 nor from the 82 300 plant ha^-1 stands. When examining the data of the hybrids separately, we found that there was a significant difference between the average yield of the lowest and highest plant densities only in the case of three (DKC 4795, DKC 4995, NK
  Cobalt) out of the five hybrids (DKC 4795: 11 757 kg ha^-1 – 10 857 ha^-1 where LSD_5% =816 kg; DKC 4995: 11 794 kg ha^-1 – 10 738 kg ha^-1 where LSD_5%=853kg; NK Cobalt: 10 998 kg ha^-1 – 10 019 kg ha^-1 where LSD_5%=630 kg ha^-1), while a  significant difference between the second and third plant densities was observed only in one case (DKC 4995: 11 726 kg ha^-1 – 10 738 ha^-1 where LSD_5%=853 kg). In all other cases, there was no statistical difference between the different
  plant densities.

• Fusarium culmorum isolated from rhizosphere of wooly cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa) in Debrecen (East Hungary)

  93-96

  Tamás Tóth

  Arnold Szilágyi

  Views:

  292

  Wooly cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa) is an East-Asian originated weed species and it has been spreaded worldwide by now. The first occurrence of this species in Hungary was observed and published in 2008 nearby Gesztely village (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, North-East Hungary) than in the summer of 2011 a significant population was discovered next to Debrecen city (Hajdú-Bihar county, East Hungary).

  In 2013 this weed was also reported from Szentborbás village, Somogy county (South-West Hungary). These observations of spreading and its biological features (production of stolons and large number of seeds, moreover herbicide tolerance) indicate that wooly cupgrass (E. villosa) has a great potential of invasiveness, so it may become a hazardous weed not only in Hungary but in all over the world.

  The objective of this study was to identify the fungus which was isolated from wooly cupgrass (E. villosa) root residue samples which were collected after maize harvesting on arable land in late autumn, near Debrecen. The identification of the fungus based on morphological characters of colonies and the features of conidia developed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates. After the examination of axenic culture we revealed that the fungus from rhizosphere of wooly cupgrass was Fusarium culmorum. Pathogenicity and/or endophytic relationship between the fungus and wooly cupgrass is still uncertain so pathogenicity tests and reisolations from plants are in progress.

• The impact of fertilisation on a few microbiological parameters of the carbon cycle

  45-50

  Bence Mátyás

  Magdolna Tállai

  János Kátai

  Judit Horváth

  Views:

  485

  The 30 years old long-term experiment of Látókép is continued in our experiments. The long-term fertilization experiment was set in 1983, and our sample was taken in spring 2014. The examinations of soil respiration processes and factors that influence soil respiration are required in optimal management. In our study, we interested to know how the growing levels of fertilization influence the microbial processes under nonirrigated and irrigated conditions in maize mono, bi, and triculture. The experimental results and those statistics suggest that the bi and triculture influenced higher microbial activity which was reflected in number of fungus, soil respiration, and microbial biomass carbon (MBC).

• Susceptibility of stem infected sweet corn hybrids to common smut disease

  55-57

  Dóra Frommer

  Szilvia Veres

  László Radócz

  Views:

  909

  The common smut of maize (corn smut, Ustilago maydis /DC/ Corda) can cause large economic losses in susceptible sweet corn hybrids as well. The protection against this pathogen is fundamentally based on prevention. Many methods to control corn smut have been recommended or evaluated, including crop rotation, sanitation, seed treatments, modification of fertility, and biological control. In spite of these frequently mentioned control strategies, the host resistance seems to be the only effective method to manage common smut in those areas where Ustilago maydis is prevalent.