Search

Search Results

• Effects of cultivation methods on some soil biological parameters of a meadow chernozem soil (Vertisols)

  61-66

  Ágnes Oláh Zsuposné

  Views:

  173

  The effect of extended drought conditions on soil, the unfavourable cultivation technologies and the application of chemicals have been enhancing the processes of physical and biological soil degradation, so the fertility of soil is gradually declining. 
  The effects of two cultivation methods – traditional ploughing (TP) and conservation tillage (CT) – on the biological activity of a meadow
  chernozem soil were examined in a long term experiment. Different parameters of the biological activity of soil were determined. These are
  the numbers of total bacteria, microscopic fungi, aerobic cellulose decomposing bacteria, as well as the activities of some important soil
  enzymes and CO₂ production.
  Conservation tillage seemed to be a more favourable cultivation method for the majority of microorganisms, the activities of urease and
  dehydrogenase enzymes and CO₂ production, compared to the traditional ploughing system. These parameters increased significantly,
  especially in the upper layer of conservation tillage plots. Concerning the plant cultures, the majority of microbiological parameters were
  higher in the soil of vetch (Vicia sativa L.) depending on the cultivation methods, so involving the pulses to the crop-rotation seems to be
  very important in this soil type.
  According to the ninth year’s results, the importance of conservation tillage as a means of protecting the soil biological activity in meadow
  chernozem (Vertisols) can be established; it was proven by microbiological investigations.

• The effect of short term storage on different winter wheat varieties rheological properties

  83-86

  Mariann Móré

  Gerda Diósi

  Zoltán Győri

  Péter Sipos

  Views:

  816

  The aim of storage after harvest is to protect the quality of wheat, because after-ripening occurs in the first 5–6 weeks. During this time it very important to make the optimal storage conditions.

  We have carried out storage experiment with wheat samples from Látókép Research Farm of the University of Debrecen. We analyzed the rheological parameters of Lupus and GK Csillag varieties from the crop year 2011/2012. The experiment period was between July and August 2012 (24. 07. 2012., 31. 07. 2012., 21. 08. 2012.).We determined the rheological parameters (water absorption, dough stability time and valorigraph quality number) of Lupus and GK Csillag during short term storage. Our results showed that after-ripening increased the baking quality of Lupus and GK Csillag during storage.

• Effect of the crop-year on plant protection feature of sunflower

  71-75

  Adrienn Novák

  Views:

  282

  Our study focused on plant density reactions of sunflower hybrids on chernozem soil in years with different levels of available water (2011 and 2012). We studied factors (i.e.infections, yield) that are most affected by the amount of precipitation.

  However the amount of precipitation varied in 2011 (average amount of precipitation) and 2012 (drought), Sclerotinia and Diaporthe infections were significant in both years. Diaporthe was stronger in 2011 while in 2012 Sclerotinia infections were greater than average. Higher plant density provided for a favorable microclimate for pathogens meaning that increased stock density enabled enhanced infections. Maximum levels of infections in both the cases of Diaporthe and Sclerotinia were measured at a plant density level of 65 000 plants ha^-1.

  2012 yields (control: between 2 289 and 3 261 kg ha^-1, two-time treated: between 2 699 and 3 659 kg ha^-1) were significantly lower compared to the results of 2011 (control: between 2 825 and 3 672 kg ha^-1, two-time treated: between 3 059 and 4 059 kg ha^-1). Fungicide treatments led to an increased yield in both years: 9.5% in 2011 and a notable, 15.1% growth in 2012. We applied regression analysis to calculate optimum plant density for the examined years and treatments. Based on the calculations we found that in the cases of both treatments optimum plant density was 53 000 plants ha^-1, while in 2012 the optimum was higher due to lower level of infections: 56 000 plants ha^-1 in the control stock and 64 000 plants ha^-1 in the stock treated twice.