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• Determining elements of variety-specific maize production technology

  157-161

  Mihály Sárvári

  Beáta Boros

  Views:

  307

  Our aim was to work out such new maize fertilizer methods and models which can reduce the harmful effects of fertilization, can
  maintain the soil fertility and can moderate the yield fluctuation (nowadays 50-60 %).
  The soil of our experimental projects was meadow soil. The soil could be characterized by high clay content and pour phosphorus and
  medium potassium contents. In the last decade, out of ten years six years were dry and hot in our region. So the importance of crop-rotation
  is increasing and we have to strive for using the appropriate crop rotation.
  The yields of maize in monoculture crop rotation decreased by 1-3 t ha-1 in each dry year during the experiment (1983, 1990, 1992,
  1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 2000, 2003, and 2007). The most favourable forecrop of maize was wheat, medium was the biculture crop rotation
  and the worst crop rotation was the monoculture.
  There is a strong correlation between the sowing time and the yield of maize hybrids, but this interactive effect can be modified by the
  amount and distribution of precipitation in the vegetation period. At the early sowing time, the grain moistures were 5-12 % lower compared
  to the late sowing time and 4-5 % lower compared to the optimum sowing treatment.
  There are great differences among the plant density of different maize hybrids. There are hybrids sensitive to higher plant density and
  there are hybrids with wide and narrow optimum plant densities.
  The agro-ecological optimum fertilizer dosage of hybrids with a longer season (FAO 400-500) was N 30-40 kg ha-1 higher in favourable
  years as compared to early hybrids.
  We can summarize our results by saying that we have to use hybrid-specific technologies in maize production. In the future, we have to
  increase the level of inputs and have to apply the best appropriate hybrids and with respect to the agroecologial conditions, we can better
  utilize the genetic yield potential.

• Effect of Planting Time of Maize on Factors Influencing Yields in 2001-2002

  112-116

  Zoltán Futó

  Views:

  183

  In this paper we analysed the results of maize planting time experiments by the Department of Crop Sciences and Applied Ecology of the University of Debrecen, Centre of Agricultural Sciences in 2001. We made the experiments at the experimental garden of DE ATC in Hajdúböszörmény.
  We examined in 2001, 2002 ten hybrids with three planting times. The results were analysed by analysis of variance with two factors. In 2001 the yields were high, between 7.2-11.6 t/ha. The seed moisture contant of hybrids was 6-8% less after early planting than after late planting. The vegetation period of the hybrids became longer after early planting, which helped the drying-down of the hybrid and determined the seed moisture content at harvest to a great extent.
  In 2002 the yields were high, between 4.02-10.47 t/ha. The seed moisture contant of hybrids was 5-14% less after early planting than after late planting.
  On the basis of the above, variety specific technologies should be applied where the planting time is adapted to the hybrids. In accordance with the other cultivation factors.

• Efficiency of Fertilization in Sustainable Wheat Production

  59-64

  Péter Pepó

  Views:

  417

  In sustainable (wheat) production plant nutrition supply and fertilization play decisive roles among the agrotechnical elements, because of their direct and indirect effects on other agronomical factors.
  In long-term experiments, we studied the roles of agroecological, genetic-biological and agrotechnical factors in the nutrient supply, fertilization and its efficiency in wheat production under continental climatic conditions (eastern part of Hungary, Trans-Tisza) on chernozem soil. Our results have proved that there are different (positive and negative) interactions among ecological, biological, and agrotechnical elements of wheat production. These interaction effects could modify the nutrient demand, fertilizer (mainly nitrogen) response of wheat varieties and efficiency of fertilization in wheat production.
  The optimum N-doses (+PK) of wheat varieties varied from 60 kg ha-1 (+PK) to 120 kg ha-1 (+PK) depending on cropyears, agrotechnical elements and genotypes. The winter wheat varieties could be classified into 4 groups according to their fertilizer demand, natural and fertilizer utilization, fertilizer response and yield capacity.
  Appropriate fertilization (mainly N) of wheat could affect both the quantity and quality of the yield. By using optimum N (+PK) fertilizer doses, we could manifest genetically- coded baking quality traits of winter wheat varieties and reduce quality fluctuation caused by ecological and other management factors. The efficiency of fertilization on different baking quality parameters (wet-gluten, valorigraph index etc) were variety specific (the changes depended on genotypes).
  Our long-term experiments proved that appropriate fertilization provides optimum yield, good yield stability and excellent yield quality in sustainable wheat production. We could this get better agronomic and economic fertilization efficiency with less harmful environmental effects.