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• The role of the hybrid-specific technological recommendations of maize in precision crop production procedures

  297-302

  Endre Széll

  Máté Makra

  Views:

  250

  The necessity of application of hybrid specific crop production technology has been confirmed not only by trial results but also by the experiences gained from the agricultural practice. For this reason it is essential to test and collect data in field trials about the specific agronomic traits of the corn hybrids belonging to different maturity groups and genotypes. Corn hybrids are tested for their responses to sowing time, plant density and fertilizer supply; sensitivity to herbicides; and lately, the resistance to the damages caused by the larvae of corn root worm. Last but not least, mention should be made of the differences in the responses of the corn hybrids to the damages caused by drought stress. Based on the trial results, suggestions for the hybrid specific corn production are compiled and made public for the experts and farmers engaged in corn growing. Corn hybrids may deliver maximum yields on the impact of specific crop production technology only in case if it relies on carefully done general production technology including soil cultivation, seed bed preparation and weed control. Similarly, precision crop production technology may advance the yield increase in economic way if it is constantly drawing on the source of research results.

• Determining elements of variety-specific maize production technology

  157-161

  Mihály Sárvári

  Beáta Boros

  Views:

  300

  Our aim was to work out such new maize fertilizer methods and models which can reduce the harmful effects of fertilization, can
  maintain the soil fertility and can moderate the yield fluctuation (nowadays 50-60 %).
  The soil of our experimental projects was meadow soil. The soil could be characterized by high clay content and pour phosphorus and
  medium potassium contents. In the last decade, out of ten years six years were dry and hot in our region. So the importance of crop-rotation
  is increasing and we have to strive for using the appropriate crop rotation.
  The yields of maize in monoculture crop rotation decreased by 1-3 t ha-1 in each dry year during the experiment (1983, 1990, 1992,
  1993, 1994, 1995, 1998, 2000, 2003, and 2007). The most favourable forecrop of maize was wheat, medium was the biculture crop rotation
  and the worst crop rotation was the monoculture.
  There is a strong correlation between the sowing time and the yield of maize hybrids, but this interactive effect can be modified by the
  amount and distribution of precipitation in the vegetation period. At the early sowing time, the grain moistures were 5-12 % lower compared
  to the late sowing time and 4-5 % lower compared to the optimum sowing treatment.
  There are great differences among the plant density of different maize hybrids. There are hybrids sensitive to higher plant density and
  there are hybrids with wide and narrow optimum plant densities.
  The agro-ecological optimum fertilizer dosage of hybrids with a longer season (FAO 400-500) was N 30-40 kg ha-1 higher in favourable
  years as compared to early hybrids.
  We can summarize our results by saying that we have to use hybrid-specific technologies in maize production. In the future, we have to
  increase the level of inputs and have to apply the best appropriate hybrids and with respect to the agroecologial conditions, we can better
  utilize the genetic yield potential.

• The effect of season and fertilizer on the LAI, the photosynthesis and the yield of the maize hybrids with different genetic characteristics

  27-34

  Nóra El Hallof

  Mihály Sárvári

  Views:

  363

  The experiment was carried out in Debrecen, at the Experimental Station of the University of Debrecen Centre of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Crop Production and Applied Ecology. We tested 10 various hybrids with their own genetic characteristics for five different fertilizer doses, in addition to the parcels without fertilization. The three factors of production technology jointly determine the successfully of maize production, but in different measure. The yield and the stability of yield of maize can be increased with hybrid-specific technologies.
  In 2004-2005 experiment years the favorable results reached were due to the rainy season. There were significant difference between the productivity of maize hybrids. The N 40, P₂O₅ 25, K₂O 30 kg/ha treatment caused the highest increase of yield (3-5 t/ha) compared to the control (parcels without fertilization). The reaction of hybrids to the further fertilizer doses was different. The agro-ecological optimum of NPK fertilization was N 120, P 75, K 90 kg of the most hybrids.
  During the experiment, we tested the moisture loss of the five hybrids. The seed moisture content at harvest was higher than in previous years due to the rainy seasons. The seed moisture content of harvest of FAO 200-300 hybrids were about 20%. It changed between 21-24% in the case of hybrids with longer vegetation period (FAO 400), the seed moisture content of Mv Vilma (FAO 510) was 24.21-25.04% in the average of fertilizer treatments. There is an important difference between the moisture loss ability of hybrids which changed 0.2-0.6%/day. The moisture loss of hybrids changed depending on the fertilizer treatment; usually, it was more favorable in the optimal fertilizer dose (N120+PK).
  In the case of tested hybrids, we measured the highest LAI and photosynthetic activity at the optimal treatment, N 120, P₂O₅ 75, K₂O 90 kg/ha in the respect of efficiency and environmental protection, and the yield was high also for this treatment. There are significant difference between the LAI, the photosynthetic activity and the yield of hybrids, and these values could change depending on the treatment of fertilization.