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• Effects of different groundcover matters on nutrient availability in an integrated apple orchard in Eastern-Hungary

  21-25

  Péter Tamás Nagy

  Views:

  115

  The aim of our study is to examine the effects of different groundcover methods on nutrient availability and uptake of apple orchard. The
  experiment was carried out at the orchard of TEDEJ Rt. at Hajdúnánás-Tedej, in Eastern Hungary. The orchard was set up on lowland chernozem soil in the Nyírség region. It was established in the autumn of 1999, using Idared cultivar grafted on MM106 rootstocks at a spacing of 3.8 x 1.1 m.
  The applied treatments were divided into two groups according to origins and effects. On the one hand, different livestock manures (cow,
  horse and pig), on the other hand different mulch-matters (straw, pine bark mulch, black foil) were used. The different manures and mulches
  were applied on the surface to test the effectiveness of these materials.
  The effectiveness of manure treatments was higher than the other treatments on AL soluble P content of soil. Mostly the manure treatments
  increased the AL soluble K of soil. Our all treatments increased 0.01 M CaCl₂ soluble NO3 ^- -N content of the examined soil layers. The effect
  of manure treatments was the highest. From the results it was evident that the amount of easily soluble organic nitrogen fraction distributed
  more homogeneously than the other mineral N fractions examined.
  Our results can be summarized as follows:
  1. Our results pointed out that the used ground covering matters divided into several categories regarding its effect.
  2. The available N, P and K contents of soil were mostly increased by applying manures.
  3. The effectiveness of straw, mulch and mostly black foil was lower.
  4. Differences were found between nutrient supplying treatments and the treatments which did not supply nutrients.

• Challenges – the impact of climate change on the nutritional management of Hungarian orchards

  323-334

  Péter Tamás Nagy

  Views:

  262

  The agricultural sector is increasingly exposed to both environmental and economic risks due to the phenomena of climate change and climate variability. Fruit growth and productivity are adversely affected by nature’s wrath in the form of various abiotic stress factors. Climate change and extreme climatic events are predicted to increase in intensity, frequency, and geographic extent as a consequence of global climate change. It is no doubt that frequency of unexpected climatic events and their growing rate result in an increasing amount of problems for fruit growers globally. Today, climate change impacts are the most serious problems for Hungarian fruit growers as well. It can be stated that the nutrient demand of fruit trees can be supplied only under even worse conditions.

  Therefore, it is so important to know and apply adaptation and mitigation strategies in horticulture to improve fruit quality and yield. In the last ten years, at the Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management at University of Debrecen expanded studies have been made to prove the importance of groundcover management in horticultural applications. In this mini review paper, is presented, how the university's researches contributed to the expansion of knowledge of preservation of soil moisture and what advice we can provide for fruit growers to face the challenges of climate change.