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• The hydric stress influence on quantityand quality of the maize yield in the Crisurilor Plainconditions

  21-27

  Cristian Domuţa

  Views:

  134

  The paper is based on the researches carried out in an experiment placed on the preluvosoil from Agricultural Research and Development Station Oradea, Crisurilor Plain during 2008–2011in the following variants: V1=Irrigated, without irrigation suspending; V2=Irrigated, irrigation suspending in May; V3=Irrigated, irrigation suspending in June; V4=Irrigated, irrigation suspending in July; V5=Irrigated, irrigation suspending in August; V6=Unirrigated. The hybrid used: Fundulea 376. In the variant with optimum irrigation, water reserve on 0–75 cm depth was maintained between easily available water content and field capacity. Pedological drought was determined every year and the irrigation was also needed. The irrigation determined the increase of the total water consumption and yield gain in comparison with unirrigated variant. Irrigation suspending in different months determined the yield losses very significant statistically. The biggest protein content was registered in the variant without irrigation suspending; the values registered in the variants with irrigation suspending in May, June, July and August and in the unirrigated variant are smaller, with differences statistically assured. There was a direct link between de Martonne aridity index values and water consumption, yield and protein content and an inverse link between pedological drought and yield quantity and protein content. These are the arguments for irrigation opportunity in maize from Criurilor Plain.

• The irrigation influence under the soil, microclimate and plants in maize from Crişurilor Plain

  180-186

  Cornel Domuta

  Sandor Maria

  Vasile Bara

  Gheorghe Ciobanu

  Ioana Borza

  Cristian Domuta

  Radu Brejea

  Cornelia Ciobanu

  Camelia Bara

  Lucian Bara

  Adrian Vuscan

  Manuel Gitea

  Ana Peres

  Nandor Köteles

  Views:

  104

  The paper is based on the researches carried out in the long term trial placed on the preluvosoil from Oradea in 1976, for establishing
  the soil water balance. In the irrigated variant the soil moisture was determined 10 to 10 days for maintaining the soil water reserve on
  irrigation depth (0 – 50 cm for wheat and bean, 0 – 75cm for maize, sunflower, soybean, sugarbeet, potato and alfalfa 1st year and 0 – 100
  cm for alfalfa 2nd year) between easily available water content and field capacity. Thus, an average irrigation rate of 2560 m³/ha was used
  in the 9 experimental crops. The average of the annual rainfall for the 1976 – 2008 period was of 625.0 mm. The technologies used were
  correlated with the needes of the crops, such as melioration crop rotation, chemical fertilizers in accordance with the chemical export on the
  yield, manure (40 t/ha) was used in potato and sugarbeet. After 33 years of the irrigation use the soil structure degree (38.62%) did not
  decrease when compared to the unirrigated maize – wheat crop rotation (37.01%). Bulk density, total porosity, penetration resistance and
  hydraulic conductivity have worse values than the ones in the unirrigated variant. The humus content is very close to the humus content
  determined in 1976, the phosphorus and the potassium content increased very much in comparison with the initial content (117 ppm vs 22.0
  ppm); (180.0 ppm vs 102 ppm). The use of the adequate fertilization system and of the irrigation water with a good qaulity did not determine
  a decrease of the pH value of the soil. The irrigation determined the improve of the microclimate conditions, the increase of the plant water
  consumption, yield gains very significant statistically and higher protein content of the maize grains.