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• THE EFFECT OF ROUTINE DYNAMIC WARM-UP MODIFICATION ON SPEED, AGILITY, AND MUSCLE ENDURANCE IN AMATEUR FEMALE FOOTBALL ATHLETES

  Eggy Nur Arfiansyah

  Rintania Rahma Putri

  Views:

  307

  Football prioritizes physical aspects such as speed, agility, strength, flexibility, and muscle endurance. With women's growing interest in football in Indonesia, it is becoming increasingly clear that an excellent physical condition is necessary. Therefore, good physical condition will also impact the risk of injury and, most importantly, performance on the field. Thus, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Dynamic Warm-Up modification for six weeks on several physical performances, such as (running, change of direction speed, and muscle endurance) in female amateur soccer players. This prospective study involved a modified routine dynamic warm-up program intervention, three times a week warming up before the training session with details of the intervention implementation time, namely 18 times, excluding the initial and final tests. At the start, the players demonstrated dexterity and tests of speed, agility, and muscle endurance, and the test was carried out again at the end of the program intervention. The results show that the significance value of the 30 m Sprint test is 0.083 > 0.05, meaning there is no program influence on the speed component. Furthermore, the significance value of the Illinois Agility test is 1,000 > 0.05, meaning the program does not influence the agility component. Then, the significance value of the wall sit test is 0.083 > 0.05, meaning that the program does not influence the agility component. This study concluded that modifying the dynamic warm-up routine could not improve physical performance, namely speed, agility, and muscle endurance in female soccer players.

• Antagonist Muscle Activation During Isometric Elbow Flexion at Varied Joint Angles: A Comparative Neuromuscular Analysis Between Volleyball Players and Sedentary Adults

  Dipika Roy

  Manisha Pal

  Priyam Chatterjee

  Anupam Bandyopadhyay

  Views:

  21

  Neuromuscular coordination enhances athletic performance and prevents injuries. Antagonist muscle activation during isometric movements, such as elbow flexion, is crucial for joint stability and efficiency. Volleyball-specific training may lead to distinct neuromuscular adaptations that differ from those of sedentary individuals. This study aims to investigate differences in antagonist activation patterns during isometric elbow flexion between volleyball players and sedentary adults, with a focus on neuromuscular control and the effects of co-contraction. Twenty-eight males (14 volleyball players and 14 sedentary individuals; ages 18–25) participated in the study. Surface electromyography (EMG) recorded biceps and triceps activity at 45°, 90°, and 120° elbow angles. Muscle activity, co-contraction indices (CCI), and perceived exertion (RPE) were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics and two-way repeated measures Analysis of Variance. Bonferroni corrections assessed angle-specific effects. Significance levels (α) were set to 0.05 for all analyses. Athletes exhibited significantly higher biceps activation (mean EMG_max = 0.63 vs. 0.48) and lower triceps activation (mean EMG_max = 0.25 vs. 0.35, p < 0.001). Co-contraction (CCI) was lower among athletes (mean = 0.55 vs. 0.89). RPE scores were consistently lower in athletes (mean = 12.8 ± 1.6) compared to non-athletes (15.7 ± 1.5), indicating superior neuromuscular efficiency. Volleyball players demonstrated enhanced neuromuscular control, as evidenced by higher agonist activation, reduced antagonist activation, and lower co-contraction. The enhanced neuromuscular adaptations of volleyball players, likely resulting from consistent training, suggest improved movement mechanics and a reduced risk of injury. Future longitudinal studies are advised to explore causality and sport-specific neuromuscular changes.