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„We were born here, we grew up here, our relatives and our children are here… everything are in our village”. Weekly commuting in a village of Tiszahát
38-53Views:37The study present the weekly commuting in a small village of 1600 resident in Tiszahát. The
economic situation of the settlement, employment and income opportunities are lower than
national average, which also has an extremely strong impact on the livability of the village.
The local primary labor market can employ few workers, other employees can work in public
employment or they can work as a seasonal worker in agriculture buti it does not provide an
income that can be calculated all year. There are few opportunities in the region, so they can
not work in the nearby settlements. Many locals have to go to remote settlement for work. We
prepared interviews to examine: how weekly commuting became popular in the village and how
it affected local families and the local community. -
Where do young villagers work? Types of social bonds and occupational characters of young generations living in small villages
55-85.Views:48One of the defining elements of local identity is the opportunity to work and the chance ofear- ning money. These factors are especially important in small villages within low-populated rural areas, where due to changes in the production structure and land ownership job opportunities become less and less. In the absence of livelihood opportunities and adequate income for young people living in the countryside, the migration process is intensifying, the villages are aging and become more and more depopulated. A smaller part of young villagers however remain in the settlement, with new marginalized settlers from urban areas, who appear alongside them.
Our case study, based on 104 interviews in 12 settlements, seeks to find whether young peop- le – aged 19–25 – look at village life as a constraint or an opportunity. The central question is whether they think that this marginal status, with an assumingly cheap village life, is the only choice for them, or they are convinced that they are staying in small villages due to their cons- cious choice in favour of a rural lifestyle.
Focusing on employment strategies, the aim of this paper is to look at the dimensions of local attachment of the target group, and to show the various labour market characteristics of the target groupthat develops within the given framework.
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Why it is sensible to stay, if it is not? Insights for processing and analyzing prospects of „immobility research"
233-249.Views:39The paper takes into account theoretical, speculative considerations to explain why villagers, especially highly educated young villagers, stay (relocate) to their village after completing their studies. Explanations are needed because the usual assumptions are that the village offers poorer job opportunities, lower earnings, poorer conditions of consumption, entertainment and education than cities - it seems useful and rational for young people to move to a city (or abroad) with a richer supply of facilities; if they are geographically and socially mobile. Against this often generalized assumption, there are circumstances in which both the interests of material utility and the prospect for gaining attractive social status make it a reasonable choice to stay in the village, to be ‚immobile’. These circumstances are considered as possible explanations for immobility.
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Rural youth and their lack of mobility
3-22.Views:121International research on the lack of mobility and its causes among people in rural areas primarily focuses on motivations for emigration and consequences of immigration. In the first half of our study we summarize the findings of the research described above. We explain the relationship between poverty and lack of mobility, review the link between agriculture and local mobility, predominantly through the functions of rural businesses. We explore the return migration of youths, especially those who move back to their village after a long period of education and/or job search. We revisit structural theories that connect migration to different types of capital and shed light on the impact of changing perceptions on rural life. We use longitudinal quantitative studies and their statistics to analyze the characteristics of the lack of mobility among Hungarian rural youths and emigration patterns between 2010–2017. The second half of our manuscript delineates the results of studies done by the Mobility Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. The pertinent articles and case studies examine the role of social bonds in the lack of mobility, types of employment among rural youths, and how those influence their attachment to their village. Mobility case studies among the youths are also analyzed, along with the social representation of their identity, categories of success, the effects of poverty, their family bonds, perspectives for the future, as well as the consequences of the social and regional characteristics of their villages.
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The impact of the family on the immobility of young people
153-166.Views:48The study examines the effects of the spatial mobility of the family. The family’s influence in many areas of people’s lives, so the socio-spatial movements. The people in the family will inherit the bulk of their resources, provides for standards, values, skills, behavior patterns of transmission, all have an impact on the social and geographical movement-related efforts and opportunities. A study of rural young people in interviews to examine the family and the relationship between mobility, immobility. The interviewees aged between 19 and 25 have in common is that they have already completed their studies, and their parents live in the same village. An analysis of how these young people are present in the családtörténetében mobility, we are characterized by their family members, relatives, and family resources spatial movement, kötődéseik, what impact does the site less costly.
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Causes for the Lack of Mobility Among Low-Status, Impoverished Rural Youths
134-152.Views:92This study explores the lack of mobility and the lack of motivation for mobility among poverty- stricken youths with low levels of education who live in small villages. I strive to find out why underprivileged young individuals stay in their local village instead of moving to areas with more abundant opportunities and employment. My manuscript also examines their family life and their relationship with their parents, and how those factors could impact their attachment to their village. The main question to analyze is whether young people stay in impoverished rural villages voluntarily or as a result of a lack of choice and a rational decision, or whether they are drifting. My analysis of the data indicates that the lack of mobility among destitute rural youths is not driven by free decisions. My results suggest that these young people belong to a drifting social group, not in charge of their own fate, unaware of the world beyond their immediate surroundings, uninformed, dependent, vulnerable, living in an environment based on mere reciprocity, and thus, in a sense, they are a marginalized social group.
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Here you can or should stay? Narratives of mobility
87-100.Views:52In this case study that focuses on mobilities’ narratives, we exam the experiences that works against mobility. Thus we are curious how to effect individual experiences (studies, employees), possibly in a larger city or abroad, small mobilities (vacation, office work in a city), how to effect on the duality of city and village as well as on commitment to their village. Involving the experiences of parents complement it and role a significant effect on the youth’s mobility and settlement. The case study is based on some pair of interviews: immobilized youth and parents talk about the causes of settlement, desires, commitment, experiences, and about young adults have chance to stay or to migrate. Understanding immobility is about exam the recent and past family experiences present in the family at the parent’s side, the migration culture of the local community and relatives, the separation of experiences, transmissible fears and hopes. These have to be completed by the young adults’ interview where we found the „immobility potential” towards successful, failures, fears, individual and family experiences.
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„Gezeget garba, lábagat a bad alá!”
275-278Views:27The author divides the book into four main sections, which, while maintaining the chronological order, attempt to sketch the social history of a German minority village in the Lowlands in the 20th century. For the less patient reader, the experiment was successful, and the result is another valuable work that serves as a model to follow, courtesy of Ferenc Eiler and the Institute for Minority Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
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„I have to be constantly disciplined” – a possible hypothetical model for pedagogical characters
160-172Views:44How discipline the teachers in the primary schools in Hungary? How should they discipline to
meet the expectations, values and norms of our society? According to my research, in today’s
primary schools there are significant differences between discipline and conflict management.
I analyse the differences and I set the behavior patterns of the teachers into three distinct types.
These three characters are controlled from traditions, outside and inside. These three types are
distinctly distinct in everyday life of schools, with different effects on students’ socialization. In
this paper, I present this hypothetical model, its operation in the dimension of discipline. The
interviews that underlie the analysis were prepared by village teachers teaching in the Vásárosnamény micro-region. -
Pastoral care for the Gypsies/Romas: Societal engagement of the Churches
86-106Views:39In my adolescence, I noticed that in my small hometown village of Nógrád County, the majority
of the Romani don’t attend mass and sever their ties with Roman Catholic religion. This tendency
remains to this very day, and I continue to experience the same thing where I now live in Pest
County. What could be the reason for this separation? I set out to find the answer with the help
of twenty years of experience as a divinity teacher and my previous empirical sociology research.
Is the clergy to be blamed for the large numbers of Gypsies and non-Gypsies leaving the fold?
I wanted to personally find an answer to the question from the concerned parties. Therefore,
at the permission of the bishop of the Diocese of Vác, as a Roman Catholic civilian theologian,
I visited the pastors of the Historical Churches at the various offices and parishes to ask them
questions about the Romani. -
Territorial immobility as an opportunity in the life of young people in the village
114-132Views:75The purpose of the study is to explore and describe the characteristics, mobility dimensions of immobilized youth living in small settlements of less than 2500 people and seeing opportunities and perspectives in their own villages. We examine separately the views of parents of young people on their children’s mobility, seeking parallels and explanations with their views. The results may serve as a basis for further research and may prepare analyzes focusing on the target group. The research was carried out in the framework of the MTA Excellence Cooperation Program, the Mobility Research Center, and 104 interviews form the basis of the research.
