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  • Morphological grouping of fossil floodplain forms in the northeastern part of the Pannonian plain
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    The Bereg Plain is located in the northeastern part of the Pannonian Plain, close to the Carpathian
    Mountains. Clarification of the evolution of its topography is essential for the development of the whole
    area. The former single alluvial cone has been fragmented, some parts of it subsiding and others rising.
    The displacements of the subsided parts of the area were dominated by erosion processes, as in the Bereg
    Plain. As a consequence, a significant part of the sand in the area has been degraded and only traces of it
    remain in the Bereg Plain. The existing sand patches have been identified and classified using DEM. In the
    area identified 10 floodplain islands not yet mentioned in the scientific literature. The investigation of
    the numerous islands – hitherto unknown and be-longing to different morphological types – enabled us a
    reconstruction of the surface development of the Bereg Plain that is more differentiated and precise than
    ever before. Based on their morphogenetic properties, these floodplain islands can be divided into three
    main types: (1) erosion islands, (2) point-bars, (3) coastal dunes. In the area, I could recognize no pattern
    or re-gularity in the position of the individual forms of any type. In many cases, the direction of the
    longitudinal trends is perpendicular to one another, which excludes their Aeolian origin. The sediment
    of the floodplain islands mainly consists of medium-, small- and fine-sized sand, but the settlement of
    loess-mantled and loess-like layers among the sandy sediment of certain forms can also be observed. The
    layer with 15 % lime content and 53–60 % loess fraction (0.05–0.01 mm) – found in the 110–50 cm high
    section of the erosion island called the Homok-tanya in Mátyus – can be considered a typical loess, based
    on the detailed parameters. Its formation in all probability took place at the same time and under similar
    conditions than that of the more than 2 m thick aeolian loess mantle found in the Nyírség area, some 10
    km west from there, which had accumulated before the Bölling period. In case of an erosion island 2.5
    km to the south and lying some 2 m lower, such a loess mantle cannot be found anymore, despite the fact
    that the sandy layers of the two sediment series are almost completely identical. The background of this
    phenomenon is the more active and frequent, mainly erosional fluvial processes – because of the lower
    position –, which eroded the loess mantle.
    The composition of the surface sediments is de-termined by the absolute altitude as well. The cover
    sediment of the lower-lying islands is identical to the finishing silt-clay deposits found at the alluvial
    parts of the Bereg Plain, whereas the surface of higher-lying forms that have not seen flood for ages, is
    covered by sand or loessy sand.