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• Competing Nationality Politics Targeting German Communities at the Hungarian-Romanian Border Zone after the Great War

  71-86

  Levente Szilágyi

  Views:

  166

  In my study, I focus on the events that took place in the short period after the Great War ended (1918) and before the consolidation of Romanian power in the Hungarian-Romanian Border Commission (1922) from the point of view of the artificially created ethnic category: the Satu Mare Swabians or Sathmar Swabians. The historiography related to the “ethnographic” aspects of these events have appeared multiple times and in several contexts and forms in the years since. However, the question of ethnicity has not arisen in relation to the population of German descent, but rather in relation to the Hungarian-speaking Greek Catholic communities of Romanian and Rusyn/Ruthenian origin who were treated by the Romanian side as Magyarized Romanians. Following this example, the Romanians later began to collect data on the Magyarized Germans, which they then presented to the Border Commission. Germans living in the territory witnessed a strong competition between identity politics and discourse supported by rival Hungarian and Romanian states. One of the key features of this rivalry was the intensive propaganda activity promoted by both the Romanian and the Hungarian authorities to gain territories to the detriment of the other.

• The Use of National Minority Culture in Tourism Development

  7-25

  Bertalan Pusztai

  Views:

  36

  In our tourist travels, we seek experiences in locales distinct from our places of residence or work. Tourism developments strive to fulfil this desire by showcasing and making tangible some unique local characteristic, thus attracting visitors to a specific place. In resource-poor areas, one of the simplest and least investment-demanding ways to achieve this is by turning a unique element of local culture into an attraction and celebrating it. This does not require costly infrastructure development, but it can still attract tourists. Our study focuses on these local celebrations, which are most often referred to as festivals, feasts or competitions. In the first part of this paper, our goal is to draw attention to a specific group of local festivals, events that focus on the culture of national minorities. Along with examples from Hungary, we present in more detail two festivals: one in Southwest Hungary’s Feked and the other in Southeast Hungary’s Deszk. In the second part of the study, we categorise local festivals based on the cultural elements they highlight. According to my research, four basic categories can be determined. Festivals can be created to celebrate a well-identifiable local cultural or economic phenomenon. There are local celebrations aimed at preserving or reviving disappearing or vanished local cultural elements. There are festivals that emphasise newly invented traditions. Finally, events based on humour or randomness can also be the basis of a tourist attraction.

• „Es fing mit der Streichholzfabrik in Debrecen an”: Schwaben aus dem Bereich Tokaj-Hegyalja als Zwangsarbeiter in der ehemaligen Sowjetunion

  119-138

  Árpádné Endrész

  Róbert Gergely Scholtz

  Views:

  160

  Im letzten Jahr des Zweiten Weltkriegs besetzte die sowjetische Armee Ostungarn. Nach dem militärischen Befehl von Marschall Malinovsky waren die ethnischen Deutchen in Ungarn gezwungen, Zwangsarbeit zu leisten. Die deportierten Menschen wurden als Kriegsverbrecher gebrandmarkt und in Kohlengruben im Don-Bassin, dem sogenannten "Sowjetparadies", gebracht. Insgesamt 348 Menschen wurden aus den deutschstämmigen Siedlungen der Region Tokaj-Hegyalja deportiert. Dreißig von ihnen kehrten nie zurück. Der jüngste der Deportierten war 16 und der älteste 65 Jahre alt. Ihnen wurde gesagt, sie müssten für eine "kleine Arbeit / malenki robot" in die Streichholzfabrik in Debrecen gehen. Sie arbeiteten unter unmenschlichen Bedingungen, und die meisten Deportierten konnten erst nach 2-4 Jahren nach Hause zurückkehren. Unser Projekt erinnert dieses historische Geschehen. Die Erlebnisgeneration wollte darüber jehrzehntelang nicht sprechen. Da die Jahre des Verschweigens vorbei sind, können wir heute über diese Ereignisse sprechen, die vor 70 Jahren stattgefunden haben, in der Hoffnunkg, dass sie nie wieder geschehen werden.