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• Sour cherry seed as an industrial gamma tocopherol source

  27-33

  Attila Bíró

  Andrea Nemes

  Judit Remenyik

  Views:

  152

  In our experiments sour cherry kernels were investigated. The kernels of different sour cherry cultivars were originated from Újfehértói Gyümölcstermesztési Kutató és Szaktanácsadó Nonprofit Közhasznú Kft. Tocopherol profile, oil yields and nutritional value were stood in focus of examinations.

  We started processes preparing of sour cherry kernels. After the preparation recovered non-polar fraction was investigated. We worked with formerly developed chromathographic system, which is capable to separate different tocopherol isomers efficiently. We measured concentration of each tocopherol isomers and registered those and their relation in different oil samples.

  According to received data, alpha-, gamma- and delta-tocopherol appeared in samples, but beta-tocopherol could not be detected. It became clear that level of gamma-tocopherol is far higher than alfa- or gamma-isomer, it is concentration exceeded 1–1.5 mg ml^-1.

• Effect of NPK fertilization on the yield and yield stability of different maize genotypes

  101-104

  Ágnes Krivián

  Mihály Sárvári

  Views:

  117

  The yielding capacity and quality parameters of 11 maize hybrids were studied in 2011 on calcareous chernozem soil in a 25-year long-term fertilization experiment in the control (without fertilization), in the base treatment of N 40 kg ha^-1, P₂O₅ 25 kg ha^-1, K₂O 30 kg ha^-1 and in five treatments which were the multiplied doses of the base treatment. The N fertilizer was applied in the autumn and in the spring, while P and K fertilizers were applied in the autumn.The sowing time was 17–18 April, the time of harvest was 8 October. The 30-year average of precipitation (April–Sept) was 345.1 mm, the amount of precipitation did not differ greatly from that, however, its distribution was very unfavourable.
  It was found that the largest yield increment (as compared to the control) was in the treatment N 40 kg ha^-1, P₂O₅ 25 kg ha^-1, K₂O 30 kg ha^-1 in the long-term experiment. The largest yields were obtained for the hybrids P9494, PR37N01 and PR35F38 (13.64–13.71 t ha^-1). Due to the dry period at the end of the summer – beginning of autumn, the grain moisture content at harvest was favourably low, 12–18% depending on the treatment and the growing season.

  The N fertilization significantly increased the protein content of the kernel, but the starch content of the kernel decreased (significantly in several cases) with increasing fertilizer doses and yields as compared with the control.
  The highest protein content was measured in hybrids GK Boglár and Szegedi 386. The oil content was above 4% for GK Boglár, but the two hybrids were not among the best yielding hybrids in spite of their good inner content. The starch content was around 75 % without fertilization, it decreased with fertilization.
  For the tested hybrids, the fertilizer dose N 120 kg ha^-1, P₂O₅ 75 kg ha^-1, K₂O 90 kg ha^-1 can be recommended with respect to efficacy and environmental considerations.

• Effect of different N doses on maize yield and quality

  97-101

  Éva Horváth

  Tamás András

  Péter Fejér

  Adrienn Széles

  Views:

  144

   The effect of N doses on the yield and nutritional values of the Sushi (FAO 340) maize hybrid were analysed in three years (2018, 2019, and 2020). The analyses were performed at the Látókép Experimental Station of the University of Debrecen on calcareous chernozem soil, in a striped, small-plot, non-irrigated long-term field experiment. In the experiment, in addition to the non-fertilized treatment (A₀), the N-fertilizer doses were applied as basic fertilizer and top dressing. The 60 and 120 kg N ha^-1 dose (A₆₀, A₁₂₀) applied as spring basic fertilizer were followed by two phases of top-dressing in V6 (V6₉₀, V6₁₂₀) and V12 (V12₁₅₀, V12₁₈₀) phenophases; the amounts were +30 and +30 kg N ha^-1.

  Maize yields were affected to varying degrees by crop year. The highest yields in 2018 and 2020 were recorded in the same V6₁₅₀ treatment, while in 2019 the highest yield was obtained in the A₁₂₀ treatment.

  Increasing the N doses resulted in an increase in the protein content of the maize kernel. Depending on the fertilizer treatments and the crop year effect, the protein content of maize kernels varied between 6.2–10.2 g x 100 g^-1. In all three years, the protein content was the lowest in the control treatment (A₀) and the highest in the V6₁₅₀ treatment.

  The starch content ranged from 70.7 to 77.9 g x 100 g^-1 in the average of the three years. In 2020, it was significantly higher in all nutrient treatments than in the other examined two years. The highest starch content - except for 2020 (A₁₂₀, 77.9 g x 100 g^-1) - was recorded in the A₀ treatment (74.2, 72.3 g x 100 g^-1).

  The oil content of maize kernels varied between the values of 3.8 and 5.2 g x 100 g^-1 in the average of three years. In terms of oil content, the results for 2018 and 2019 can be considered the same, while in 2020 it was significantly lower. Fertilizer treatments did not significantly affect the oil content of maize in any of the years.

  The fertilizer dose applied in the V12 phenological phase was not effective in terms of yield and nutritional content (protein, starch and oil content).

• The impact of applying foliar fertilizers on the health condition of maize

  105-109

  Dalma Emese Rácz

  László Radócz

  Views:

  157

   

  The nutrient supply of plants is becoming more important in plant protection since the appropriate condition of plants can be ensured by optimal and satisfactory nutrient supply to avoid nutritional deficiency diseases. Due to the extreme weather conditions, plants are forced to face several stress factors, which leads to deterioration of the plant health. The increasing occurrence of droughts poses threat to nutrient uptake through the roots since all the nutrients can be accessible to the plants only if they are in dissolved form in the soil – which is not possible in the absence of water. Therefore, the importance of foliar fertilizer is becoming a more and more significant part of the nutrient supply, because with the help of this technology the development of any nutrient deficiency can be prevented.

  In this experiment, we focused on the efficiency of two different foliar fertilizers on maize.  Foliar fertilizers were applied two times, once in the stage with 8 leaves and tasseling phenophase of the maize. To verify the efficiency of the foliar fertilizers, the chlorophyll content of untreated and treated plant’s leaves was measured after each application. Moreover, the length and diameter of maize cobs, thousand kernel weight, protein, oil and starch content were also measured, and the results were compared to the untreated (control) ones. According to the results, in all aspects significant differences were observed and due to the laboratory analysis of leaves, in the case of magnesium and zinc supply the foliar fertilizers were able to prevent the development of nutrient deficiency.