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• The production and financial achievement of the agricultural co-operatives in 2002-2007

  21-28

  Mónika Harangi-Rákos

  Views:

  101

  The aim of the study was the examination of the achievement of the Hungarian agricultural enterprises – special regard to the agricultural co-operatives – based on the aggregated database of Hungarian Tax and Financial Control Administration (APEH), from the database of the Research Institute of Agricultural Economics. From the methodological aspect plain statistical devices were used, indicators for corporate analyses were
  calculated and analyzed for the time series. One important conclusion is that the socio-economic weight of the agricultural co-operatives was strongly decreased in the period after the EU accession. The other important statement is that over the general examination of economic actors on an aggregated level the comparative analysis of the single enterprises forms would be needed. In the case of the co-operatives the separated examination of the former type producer co-operatives and the new type co-operatives would be necessary

• The impact of employment and income circumstances on the development of regions

  15-19

  János Nagy

  Gergely Harsányi

  Orsolya Jánosy

  Endre Harsányi

  Orsolya Nagy

  Views:

  161

  The economic condition of an area is fundamentally determined by the extent of employement, as well as the size and composition of its active population. No sustainable economic growth is possible without the necessary amount of employees with the proper skills.

  As regards the proportion of employees, i.e. economically active people is significanlty lower in Hungary than not only in Western Europe, but also countries which joined the EU recently. One of the reasons for this fact is the low amount of part-time employment and the other is the phenomenon that the number of agricultural employees – who had a significant role – greatly decreased in the county.

  The employment level of the population in the county is nearly identical as that of the North Great Plain region and it is lower than the country average. The activity proportion, i.e. the joint proportion of employees and unemployed people in the population between 15–74 years of age is 3 percentages lower than the country average. The proportion of unemployed people greatly varies depending on the small regions of the county. The proportion of registered unemployed people in the population of active age is the lowest in Debrecen and the highest in the Hajdúhadház small region. The unemployment of career-starters is a further problem to deal with.

  The composition of employees in the county is different than the country average. When compared in terms of different economic sectors, it can be observed that agriculture, game management, forestry and fishery are more significant than the country average. Of the provider sectors, the proportion of financial activity, real estate matters and economic services is lower, while that of accommodation services and hospitality is higher than the country average.

  There are regional differences similar to unemployment in terms of the income size which is the basis of personal income tax per taxpayer.
  The income level in the North Great Plain region is lower than the country average mainly in terms of income paid for work, where this difference is 23%, while it is only 5% in the case of social income. Altogether, the income and expenditure data of the North Great Plain region are not favourable.

• Strategic Steps in the Sheep and Goat Branches

  61-68

  András Jávor

  András Nábrádi

  Sándor Kukovics

  Gyula Békési

  Péter Hajduk

  László Sáfár

  Zoltán Ráki

  Sándor Bedő

  Péter Póti

  András Molnár

  Györgyi Molnár

  Tamás Székelyhidi

  István Szűcs

  Mária Ábrahám

  Views:

  122

  The balance of the sheep and goat branches can be summarised as follows:
  If the increase in stock size, specific yields, genetic improvement and modernisation are not realised, several thousand shepherds will lose their jobs and possibilities to work, and their families will lose their only source of livelihood.
  Several hundred hectares of grassland will become weedy and the costs of crop protection will increase in these regions. Pollen pollution, the number of allergic ailments and medical costs will increase, mentioning only the main disadvantages. Its financial requirement is nearly equal to the one required for development without any essential compensation or production.
  In order to develop a competitive branch, a subsidisation of 10-20 billion HUF is needed until the accession of Hungary to the EU, depending on the scale and progressivity of development. The subsidisation and realisation of the strategic steps would result in:
  – the establishment of a registered livestock with 1.5 million ewes, which would ensure better market position for the branch in the EU (5%),
  – the establishment of a competitive and marketable branch with a production value of 15-25 billion HUF, calculated using the present price level (after accession, the branch would be self-operating and profitable, with the 6-8 billion HUF/year normative subsidisation by the EU),
  – the establishment of a genetic potential which would ensure our participation in profitable international breeding animal market, which provides extra profit,
  – the establishment of a sheep husbandry with better genetic potential and phenotypic performance, producing a quality of international level,
  – the maintenance of the workplace of more than 10.000 people (saving 3-5 billion HUF/year of the budget),
  – the maintenance of the condition of growing areas of grasslands with their advantages (crop protection and public health) whose financial effect is considerable.